盐碱地的生物修复方法  

Bioremediation Methods of Saline-alkali Land

作　　者：胡诗钦 顾怀应 郭龙彪[3] 郝芷圻 刘长华[2] 孟丽君 HU Shiqin;GU Huaiying;GUO Longbiao;HAO Zhiqi;LIU Changhua;MENG Lijun(Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan/Shenzhen Branch,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518124;College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080;China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 311401)

机构地区：[1]佛山鲲鹏现代农业研究院,岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室深圳分中心,中国农业科学院(深圳)农业基因组研究所,广东深圳518124 [2]黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,哈尔滨150080 [3]中国水稻研究所,杭州311401

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第17期36-42,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目“新水稻耐盐QTL/基因的利用和分子作用机制研究”(32261143470);国家重点研发计划资助“中国-埃及水稻耐低氮、耐盐和耐旱基因挖掘与育种利用”(2022YFE0139400)。

摘　　要：中国盐碱地面积占全球盐碱地总面积的1/10,严重制约了农业生产的发展。因此,寻找有效的盐碱地修复方法对于提高农业产量和保障粮食安全具有重要意义。目前,盐碱地修复的方法有化学修复、工程修复和生物修复等,而生物修复以其经济高效和绿色环保的特点受到了广泛关注。生物修复通过植物和微生物等生物资源来改善盐碱地的土壤和环境。具体而言,盐生植物能够在盐碱地中生长繁殖,通过其特殊的生理机制,能够有效修复高浓度盐碱地,为后续作物种植创造良好条件。此外,普通作物也可以通过基因挖掘和品种培育的方式,增强其耐盐性,从而在盐碱地上实现正常生长,达到修复盐碱地的目的。除了植物,微生物也在盐碱地修复中发挥着重要作用。一些特定的微生物能够提高作物的耐盐性,或者通过降解盐碱土壤中的盐分和碱性物质,从而降低土壤的盐碱度,改善土壤环境。总的来说,生物修复是一种绿色环保,且符合中国可持续农业和循环经济发展战略的盐碱地修复方法。The area of saline alkali land in China accounts for one tenth of the total area of saline alkali land in the world,which seriously restricts agricultural production.It is very important to repair and make good use of saline alkali land.At present,the methods of saline-alkali land remediation include chemical remediation,engineering remediation and bioremediation,among which bioremediation is an economical,efficient,green and sustainable method.Bioremediation improves the soil and environment of saline-alkali land through biological resources such as plants and microorganisms.Halophytes can grow and reproduce in saline-alkali soil and have the ability to repair high concentration saline-alkali soil,while common crops can enhance their salt tolerance through gene mining and variety cultivation to achieve the purpose of repairing saline-alkali soil.Microorganisms can also be used to improve crop salt tolerance or degrade salt and alkaline substances in saline-alkali soil.Bioremediation is a green and environmentally friendly method for the remediation of salinealkali land,which is in line with the development strategy of sustainable agriculture and circular economy in China.

关 键 词：盐碱地利用 生物修复 耐盐植物 微生物 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]