不同钝化材料对降低农田镉砷污染效果及安全性评估的研究  

Remediation Effect and Safety Evaluation of Different Passivation Materials Applied in Cadmium and Arsenic Compound Contaminated Soil

作　　者：徐霄 张鑫 章明奎[2] 黄巧玲 尹献远 XU Xiao;ZHANG Xin;ZHANG Mingkui;HUANG Qiaoling;YIN Xianyuan(Beautiful Rural Construction Center of Quzhou,Quzhou,Zhejiang 324003;College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058;Fushi Sub-district Offices of Qujiang,Quzhou,Zhejiang 324000)

机构地区：[1]衢州市美丽乡村建设中心,浙江衢州324003 [2]浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058 [3]衢江区浮石街道,浙江衢州324000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第17期43-48,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项“地质高背景农田重金属污染风险评价与防控体系”(2017YFD0800305)。

摘　　要：为探讨镉与砷复合污染农田适用的钝化材料,采用盆栽试验,比较研究了赤泥、赤泥+铁粉、玄武岩红泥+石灰石粉、石灰石粉+铁粉和石灰石粉+生物质炭+硫酸亚铁等5种钝化材料对降低水稻籽粒中镉和砷的效果。试验结果揭示了所有测试的钝化材料均能显著改变土壤中镉和砷的化学形态,并降低它们的生物有效性,从而有效减少了水稻籽粒中的镉和砷含量。特别是,以赤泥+铁粉、石灰石粉+铁粉和石灰石粉+生物质炭+硫酸亚铁等3种复合钝化材料的效果最为明显,能够使籽粒中的镉和砷分别降低58%~63%和56%~67%。在试验条件下,5种钝化材料均不会导致土壤质量的明显下降,施用含石灰石粉和生物质炭的钝化材料还有利于降低土壤酸度、增加土壤有机质和阳离子交换量。综合效果,研究表明赤泥+铁粉是一种治理镉砷复合污染农田土壤较为理想的钝化材料。To explore the suitable passivation materials for ameliorating the farmland polluted by both cadmium and arsenic,pot experiments were carried out to compare the effects of five passivation materials on the reduction of cadmium and arsenic in rice grain.The materials included red mud,red mud+iron powder,basalt red mud+limestone powder,limestone powder+iron powder and limestone powder+biochar+ferrous sulfate.The experimental results showed that all of the five passivation materials could change the chemical forms of Cd and As in the soil,and reduce the bioavailability of Cd and As in the soil and contents of Cd and As in rice grain.On the whole,three kinds of compound passivation materials,red mud+iron powder,limestone powder+iron powder and limestone powder+biochar+ferrous sulfate,had the most obvious effect,which could reduce Cd and As in the grain by 58%-63%and 56%-67%,respectively.Under the experimental conditions,the five passivation materials did not lead to a significant decline in soil quality.The application of the passivation materials containing limestone powder and biochar was also conducive to reducing soil acidity,increasing soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity.Based on the comprehensive effect,red mud+iron powder is considered as an ideal passivation material for the treatment of Cd and As compound pollution of farmland soils.

关 键 词：钝化材料 镉 砷 复合污染 农产品安全 赤泥 铁粉 土壤修复 水稻安全 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]