烟叶日光大棚漂浮育苗气象条件分析  

Meteorological Conditions for Floating Seedling Rearing of Tobacco in Solar Greenhouse

作　　者：任恒[1,2] 沈雨 夏金 杜世晔[1,2] 任永建 刘少霞[1,2] 曾繁蕊 刘乔 REN Heng;SHEN Yu;XIA Jin;DU Shiye;REN Yongjian;LIU Shaoxia;ZENG Fanrui;LIU Qiao(Shiyan Meteorological Bureau of Hubei Province,Shiyan,Hubei 442000;Hubei Tobacco Meteorological Service Center,Shiyan,Hubei 442000;Hubei Meteorological Service Center,Wuhan 430000;Enshi Tujia Miao Autonomous Prefecture Meteorological Bureau,Enshi,Hubei 445000)

机构地区：[1]湖北省十堰市气象局,湖北十堰442000 [2]湖北省烟叶气象服务中心,湖北十堰442000 [3]湖北省气象服务中心,武汉430000 [4]恩施土家苗族自治州气象局,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第17期89-96,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国烟草总公司湖北省公司科技项目“湖北省烤烟关键生育期气象指标推算与生态气候区划”(027Y2021-020),“湖北省雪茄烟优化种植的气象关键技术研究”(027Y2021-021);湖北省气象局科技发展基金项目“鄂西北烟叶‘小壮苗早移栽’气象指标分析研究”(2021Q14)、“气象条件对湖北省烟叶种植及品质影响关键技术研究”(2022Y11);十堰市气象局面上项目“烟叶育苗期气象条件研究”(2023003)。

摘　　要：为掌握烟叶苗床期不同生育阶段对气象条件的需求,选取3个不同海拔高度的育苗日光大棚安装小气候站,结合棚外的烟叶生态气象站苗床期间的日照和总辐射量数据,对烟叶生育期叶龄生理指标进行观测,分析了不同海拔高度烟苗苗床期对温、湿、光的要求。结果表明:影响日光大棚内烟苗生长的生态环境因子表现为气温因子>水分因子>光照因子。育苗期间从播种到出苗需要14~19 d,每长1片真叶需要4 d左右;整个育苗期平均温度为12.0~15.5℃,相对湿度控制在72.4%,营养液平均温度为11.0~15.1℃,育苗期所需活动积温为555.1~640.8℃;日照时数为247.0~293.0 h,总辐射为550.5~686.7 MJ/m^(2)。本文对不同海拔高度烟叶幼苗苗床期对温、湿、光的要求进行了研究总结,为开展烟叶种植全生育期气象服务提供了理论支撑。In order to understand the requirements of meteorological conditions in different growth stages of tobacco seedling bed,microclimate stations were set up in three sunlight greenhouses with different altitudes.Leaf age and physiological indexes of tobacco leaf were observed in combination with the sunshine and total radiation exposure data of tobacco leaf automatic weather stations outside the shed,and the requirements of temperature,humidity and light on seedlings at different altitudes were analyzed.The results showed that the ecological factors affecting the growth of seedlings in sunlight greenhouse were temperature>water>light.It takes 14-19 days from seeding to emergence,and about 4 days for each true leaf.The average temperature of the whole seedling period is 12.0-15.5℃,the relative humidity is controlled at 72.4%,the average temperature of nutrient solution is 11.0-15.1℃,and the accumulated temperature required for the seedling period is 555.1-640.8℃.The sunshine duration is 247.0-293.0 hours,and the total radiation exposure is 550.5-686.7MJ/m^(2).In this paper,temperature,humidity and light requirements of tobacco seedlings at different altitudes are studied and summarized,which provide theoretical support for meteorological services during the whole growth period of tobacco planting.

关 键 词：烟叶 漂浮育苗 气象条件 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S164[农业科学—农业气象学]