不同浓度生石灰对池塘浮游生物的影响分析  

Effect Analysis of Different Concentration of Quicklime on Pond Plankton

作　　者：侯明勇 陶志英[1] 陈文静[1] 徐先栋[1] 饶毅[1] HOU Mingyong;TAO Zhiying;CHEN Wenjing;XU Xiandong;RAO Yi(Jiangxi Institute of Fisheries Science,Nanchang 330039)

机构地区：[1]江西省水产科学研究所,南昌330096

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第17期158-164,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家特色淡水鱼产业技术体系项目“南昌综合试验站”(CARS-46);江西省重点研发计划项目“加州鲈池塘高效健康养殖技术集成与示范”(20202BBFL63024)。

摘　　要：设置不同浓度的生石灰(0、50、100、150、200、250 mg/L),对江西省水产科学研究所内的常见小型池塘进行帆布围格实验,测定其对池塘碱度、pH及浮游生物物种数、生物密度和多样性的影响。结果表明:施用生石灰后水体的碱度、pH有不同程度的增加,但施用1 d后的数值大于7 d后。各组共检测到浮游植物25个属种,隶属于绿藻门15属、蓝藻门6属、硅藻门3属、隐藻门1属,其中100 mg/L处理组生物量、生物密度最大,分别为422.45 mg/L、55.901×10^(4)个/L,50 mg/L处理组多样性指数最佳。浮游动物隶属于6种属,含甲壳动物桡足类2种属、甲壳动物枝角类1种属、轮虫3种属,50 mg/L处理组生物密度、物种数、丰富度指数、香农-威纳指数均为最大,分别为1304.2个/L、5、1.3333及1.5596。综上,施用50 mg/L生石灰处理池塘水质对水体浮游生物最有利,且节约成本,可以为水产实践生石灰施用剂量提供参考。Different concentration gradients(0,50,100,150,200,250 mg/L)of quicklime were set to carry out canvas grid experiment in small ponds in Jiangxi Institute of Fisheries Science,and the effects of quicklime on the changes of pond alkalinity,pH,plankton species number,biological density and biodiversity were determined.The results showed that the alkalinity and pH of the pond were upgraded in different degrees after quicklime application,and the alkalinity and pH value after 1 day were higher than that after 7 days.A total of 25 species of phytoplankton were detected in all groups,belonging to 15 species of Chlorophyta,6 species of Cyanophyta,3 species of Bacillariophyta,and 1 species of Cryptophyta.The maximum biomass and biological density of phytoplankton in the 100 mg/L treatment group were 422.45 mg/L and 55.901×10^(4) cells/L,respectively,and the diversity index in the 50 mg/L treatment group was the maximum.There were 6 species of zooplankton,including 2 species of Copepods,1 species of Cladocerans and 3 species of Rotifers.In the 50 mg/L treatment group,the biological density,species number,richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were the largest,which were 1304.2 cells/L,5,1.3333 and 1.5596,respectively.In conclusion,the application of 50 mg/L quicklime to splash pond is the most beneficial to plankton and cost saving,which can provide reference for quicklime application dosage in aquatic practice.

关 键 词：生石灰 池塘 浮游生物 碱度 多样性 

分 类 号：S182[农业科学—农业基础科学]