5种固氮菌对不同盐碱土玉米生长与抗逆酶活性的影响研究  

Effect of 5 Strains of Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria on Maize Growth and Antistress Enzyme in Different Saline-alkali Soil

作　　者：姬燕 张文明[1] 刘继智 韩旭妍 李梅 JI Yan;ZHANG Wenming;LIU Jizhi;HAN Xuyan;LI Mei(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第18期14-21,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：甘肃农业大学青年导师基金项目“堆肥中固氮菌的筛选和应用”(GAU-QDFC-2021-19)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探究不同固氮菌对盐碱土壤中玉米生长及其抗逆酶活性的作用。选取同温层芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、嗜气杆菌和液化沙雷氏菌5种固氮菌作为研究对象,以未接种固氮菌的液体培养基为对照组,通过盆栽试验,分析了这些固氮菌对玉米植株生长、根系发育和抗逆酶活性的影响。试验结果显示,所有测试的固氮菌均能增强玉米的生长和改善其根系形态,促进玉米在盐碱条件下的干物质积累。相较于对照,轻度盐碱土壤中各处理组地上部分干物质分别增加了22.22%、62.96%、44.44%、40.74%和37.04%。而在重度盐碱土壤中地上干物质则分别增加了29.41%、29.41%、41.18%、23.53%和11.76%。5种固氮菌均能有效提升轻度和重度盐碱土壤中玉米的中玉米的抗氧化物酶(CAT、SOD、POD)活性,并显著降低了丙二醛含量。通过隶属函数法综合分析,枯草芽孢杆菌在轻度盐碱土壤上对玉米生长和抗逆性的促进效果最好,而蜡样芽孢杆菌在重度盐碱土壤上表现出最好的促生和抗逆作用。研究表明,固氮菌的应用能够有效提高玉米在盐碱土壤中的适应性和生产力,具有重要的实际应用价值。In order to study the effects of nitrogen-fixing bacteria on maize growth and antistress enzyme in different saline-alkali soils,five nitrogen-fixing bacteria were selected,including Bacillus stratosphericus,Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus cereus,Bacillus aerophilus and Serratia liquefaciens,and the effects of nitrogen-fixing bacteria on the growth,root morphology and antistress enzyme activities of maize were studied by pot experiments using the liquid medium without inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria as the control.The results showed that the five nitrogen-fixing bacteria could increase the growth and root morphology indexes of maize,and promote the dry matter accumulation of maize in saline-alkali soil.Compared with the control,the aboveground dry matter of the five nitrogen-fixing bacteria was increased by 22.22%,62.96%,44.44%,40.74%and 37.04%in mild saline-alkali soil,respectively.The aboveground dry matter in severe salinealkali soil was increased by 29.41%,29.41%,41.18%,23.53%and 11.76%,respectively.The five nitrogenfixing bacteria increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT,SOD and POD in maize in mild and severe saline-alkali soil,and significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde(MDA).A comprehensive analysis of the membership function method showed that Bacillus subtilis had the best effect on the growth promotion and stress resistance of maize in mild saline-alkali soil,while Bacillus cereus had the best effect on growth promotion and stress resistance of maize in severe saline-alkali soil.The study indicates that the application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria can effectively enhance the adaptability and productivity of maize in saline-alkali soils,holding significant practical value.

关 键 词：固氮菌 盐碱土 玉米生长 抗氧化酶活性 根系形态 生长促进 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]