刺五加叶精油的制备及挥发性成分分析  

Essential Oil Preparation and Volatile Components Analysis in Acanthopanax senticosus Leaves

作　　者：李宛儒 关昕 祁可香 张赫 曾伟民 郑春英[1,2] LI Wanru;GUAN Xin;QI Kexiang;ZHANG He;ZENG Weimin;ZHENG Chunying(Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology,Ministry of Education/Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150500;Key Laboratory of Microbiology,College of Heilongjiang Province/School of Life Sciences,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学/农业微生物技术教育部工程研究中心,哈尔滨150500 [2]黑龙江大学生命科学学院/黑龙江省普通高校微生物重点实验室,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第18期157-164,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国龙江森林工业集团补助科技项目“道地药食刺五加深加工技术研究”(2022001);黑龙江省种业创新发展资金项目“寒地龙药重点中药材种子种苗DNA指纹图谱库,特征谱及质量控制体系研发与推广”(20230202)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在比较水蒸气蒸馏法和超临界CO_(2)萃取法在制备刺五加叶精油方面的得率,并对所提取的精油进行质量分析。以刺五加叶为原料,分别采用上述2种方法提取精油,并利用GC-MS对其挥发性成分进行分析。同时,通过抑菌和抗氧化活性测试评估了所提取精油的生物活性。结果显示,水蒸气蒸馏法得到的刺五加精油得率为0.10%,而超临界CO_(2)萃取法得到的刺五加油的得率为0.47%。经GC-MS分析,从水蒸气蒸馏法制备的刺五加叶精油中共分离出57种成分,其中35种成分得到了鉴定;超临界CO_(2)萃取法制备刺五加叶精油中分离出94种成分,其中57种成分得到了鉴定。抑菌试验结果表明,刺五加叶精油具有一定的抑菌效果。此外,刺五加叶精油也具有较好的抗氧化活性,DPPH自由基清除率为30.7%,IC_(50)值为3.510±0.175μg/mL。综上所述,刺五加叶精油中含有多种芳香成分,这些芳香成分不仅是刺五加叶精油的风味特性,也显示出多样的生物活性。本研究为刺五加叶资源的合理利用及精油的制备提供科学依据。In order to compare the yield of essential oil from Acanthopanax senticosus leaves prepared by different extraction methods and to analyze its quality,Acanthopanax senticosus leaves were used as raw materials,essential oils were prepared using both steam distillation and supercritical CO_(2) extraction methods,followed by the analysis of volatile components using GC-MS.Additionally,the prepared oils were analyzed for their antibacterial and antioxidant activities.The yield of essential oil obtained by steam distillation was 0.10%,whereas the yield obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction was 0.47%.GC-MS analysis identified 35 components out of 57 separated from the essential oil prepared by steam distillation,and 57 components out of 94 separated from the oil prepared by supercritical CO_(2) extraction.Antibacterial tests indicated that Acanthopanax senticosus leaf essential oil possessed certain antibacterial activity.Moreover,the essential oil exhibited good antioxidant activity,with a DPPH radical scavenging rate of 30.7% and an IC_(50) value of 3.510±0.175μg/mL.The results suggest that Acanthopanax senticosus leaf essential oil contains a variety of aromatic compounds that not only contribute to the oil's fragrance but also possess multiple active properties,providing a reference for the rational use of Acanthopanax senticosus leaves and the preparation of essential oils.

关 键 词：刺五加叶 超临界CO_(2)萃取 精油 GC-MS 水蒸气蒸馏法 抑菌活性 抗氧化活性 

分 类 号：S58[农业科学—作物学]