河北省鼠疫自然疫源地康保牧场小型鼠种群分布特征分析  

Distribution characteristics of small rodents in Kangbao pasture,natural plague focus of Hebei Province

作　　者：闫萍 康东梅 陈永明[2] 牛艳芬[2] 刘广[2] 闫东[2] YAN Ping;KANG Dongmei;CHEN Yongming;NIU Yanfen;LIU Guang;YAN Dong(Zhangjiakou Endemic Disease Prevention and Control Institute,Zhangjiakou,Hebei 075000,China;Anti-plague Institute of Hebei Province,Zhangjiakou,Hebei 075000,China)

机构地区：[1]张家口市地方病防治所,河北张家口075000 [2]河北省鼠疫防治所,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《中华卫生杀虫药械》2024年第3期251-253,共3页Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments

基　　金：河北省2021年医学科学研究课题计划(20210359)。

摘　　要：目的 分析河北省鼠疫自然疫源地康保牧场2005—2023年小型鼠监测数据,掌握小型鼠种群分布特征,为准确开展小型鼠监测工作及动物鼠疫疫情预测预警提供依据。方法 采用Excel 2010分析2005—2023年小型鼠监测数据,对种群分布特征进行统计分析。结果 2005—2023年布夹39 900捕鼠825只,隶属于2科7属9种,平均捕获率2.06%,黑线仓鼠为优势鼠种;平均捕获率存在年际波动,季节变化为“单峰型”;平均捕获率由高到低的生境依次是人工草场(2.86±1.47)%、山坡(2.67±2.64)%、草滩(2.19±0.89)%、林带(2.10±1.79)%、荒地(1.92±1.32)%、垄岗(1.91±1.06)%、耕地(1.85±1.58)%,以山坡波动最大;平均捕获率随地势降低,由东北向西南呈现下降趋势。结论 河北省鼠疫自然疫源地康保牧场小型鼠种群分布不均,加强疫源地秋季灭鼠可有效控制小型鼠种群密度,加强高密度生境及重点区域监测可提高小型鼠监测质量。Objective To investigate the monitoring data of small rodents in Kangbao pasture,Hebei Province from 2005 to 2023,and explore the population distribution characteristics of small rodents,so as to provide the basis for accurate monitoring of small rodents and the prediction and early warning of animal plague epidemic.Methods The monitoring data of small rodents from 2005 to 2023 in Kangbao pasture,the natural plague focus of Hebei Province,were analyzed with Excel 2010,and the population distribution characteristics of small rodents were statistically analyzed.Results From 2005 to 2023,a total of 39900 rodents were captured,belonging to 2 families,7 genera,9 species,with an average capture rate of 2.06%.Cricetulus barabensis was the dominant species.the average capture rate fluctuates from year to year,and the seasonal variation is unimodal.The average capture rate of habitats from high to low rank were artificial grassland(2.86±1.47)%,hillside(2.67±2.64)%,grassland(2.19±0.89)%,forest zone(2.10±1.79)%,wastland(1.92±1.32)%,ridge hill(1.91±1.06)%,cultivated land(1.85±1.58)%,the mountain slope fluctuates the most;the average capture rate decreased with the terrain from northeast to southwest.Conclusion The population distribution of small rodents was uneven in Kangbao pasture,the natural plague focus of Hebei Province.The population density of small rodents could be effectively controlled by strengthening rodent control in autumn in the plague focus,and the monitoring quality of small rodents could be improved by strengthening high-density habitat and regional monitoring.

关 键 词：康保牧场 鼠疫 小型鼠 种群 

分 类 号：R184.35[医药卫生—流行病学]