航空机组人员职业受照剂量估算程序的分析与应用  

Analysis and application of occupationally exposed dose estimation programs for aircrews

作　　者：张雨 范胜男 赵宇[2] 李梦雪 邓君[1] 孙全富[1] Zhang Yu;Fan Shengnan;Zhao Yu;Li Mengxue;Deng Jun;Sun Quanfu(Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency,China CDC,National Institute for Radiological Protection,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100088,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Radiation Safety Institute,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所,辐射防护与核应急中国疾病预防控制中心重点实验室,北京100088 [2]黑龙江省疾病预防控制中心辐射安全所,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中华放射医学与防护杂志》2024年第6期504-510,共7页Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection

摘　　要：目的估算与分析我国航空机组人员职业照射水平,为加强其职业健康管理提供科学依据。方法通过FlightAware网站采集我国客运量较大机场之间互相飞行的共计104条航线飞行数据,从覆盖我国机场数量、程序用户体验和实例计算航线有效剂量等方面,比较分析CARI、SIEVERT、PCAIRE和JISCARD⁃EX 4种宇宙辐射剂量估算程序。基于航线日志,择优采用CARI⁃7A估算我国航空机组人员宇宙辐射职业照射水平。结果4种宇宙辐射剂量估算程序计算的不同太阳活动水平航线有效剂量差异均具有统计学意义(M=7.52~180.98,P<0.05);PCAIRE估算的2014年至2021年我国68条航线的年有效剂量显著高于CARI⁃7A的估算结果(Z=2.52,P<0.05)。基于CARI⁃7A,估算获得2014—2021年我国航空机组人员宇宙辐射年有效剂量水平,其中乘务员为1.26(0.57~2.35)mSv,飞行员为1.03(0.47~1.92)mSv。我国部分高频次航线单次航班航空机组人员所受宇宙辐射有效剂量范围为0.57~6.88μSv。结论我国航空机组人员宇宙辐射职业照射水平符合国家标准要求,但高于医学、工业应用职业照射水平,仍需进一步加强航空机组人员职业照射剂量控制与职业健康管理。Objective To estimate and analyze the levels of occupational exposure of aircrews in China,and to provide scientific basis for strengthening occupational health management.Methods Through the FlightAware website,the flight data were collected of a total of 104 routes flying between airports with large passenger volume in China.Four kinds of cosmic radiation dose estimation programs CARI,SIEVERT,PCAIRE,and JISCARD⁃EX were compared and analyzed from the aspects of covering the number of airports in China,program user experience and example calculation of airline effective dose.Based on route logs,CARI⁃7A was applied to estimate the levels of occupational exposure of Chinese aircrews to cosmic radiation.Results The difference in the effective doses calculated by use of these four cosmic radiation dose estimation programs for the routes with different solar activity levels was statistically significant(M=7.52-180.98,P<0.05).The annual effective dose estimated by PCAIRE for 68 routes from 2014 to 2021 was significantly higher than that estimated by CARI⁃7A(Z=2.52,P<0.05).Based on CARI⁃7A,the annual effective doses from cosmic radiation to aircrews in China from 2014 to 2021 were estimated,being 1.26(0.57-2.35)mSv for flight attendants and 1.03(0.47-1.92)mSv for pilots.The effective dose from cosmic radiation to aircrews on a single flight on some high⁃frequency routes in China ranged from 0.57 to 6.88μSv.Conclusions The level of occupational exposure of Chinese aircrews to cosmic radiation meets the requirements of national standards,but is higher than that of occupational exposure from medical and industrial applications of radiation,so it is still necessary to further strengthen the mamagememt of occupational exposure and occupational health of aircrews.

关 键 词：航空机组人员 宇宙射线 职业照射 有效剂量 

分 类 号：R85[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]