不同时期一次性施肥对夏玉米产量和氮肥效率的影响  

Effect of One-off Fertilization at Different Growth Stages on Yield and Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency of Summer Maize

作　　者：石纹碹 谭金芳 李岚涛 张倩[1] 王宜伦[1] SHI Wen-xuan;TAN Jin-fang;LI Lan-tao;ZHANG Qian;WANG Yi-lun(College of Resource and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002;School of Agriculture,Sun Yat-sen University,Shenzhen 518000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州450002 [2]中山大学农学院,广东深圳518000

出　　处：《玉米科学》2024年第4期85-91,109,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301106);河南省科技攻关项目(20210817)。

摘　　要：在河南省鹤壁和原阳采用田间试验,研究不施氮(CK)、种肥同播(T1)、5叶期一次性施肥(T2)和10叶期一次性施肥(T3),对夏玉米生长发育、氮素积累转运及产量的影响,明确夏玉米包膜尿素1∶1配施普通尿素适宜的一次性施肥时期。结果表明,鹤壁和原阳T1处理产量最高,分别为12700 kg/hm^(2)和10945 kg/hm^(2),但与T2处理间差异不显著,较T3处理分别提高14.2%和10.9%;干物质积累量较其他处理分别提高5.6%~25.1%和1.6%~21.2%。不同生育期T1处理叶片SPAD值和叶面积指数均达最高。鹤壁和原阳T1氮肥表观利用率最高,分别为35.2%和35.5%,较其他处理分别提高5.6~14.7个百分点和3.2~13.6个百分点;氮素积累量较其他施氮处理分别提高13.8%~34.5%和14.5%~41.5%。T1处理土壤氮素依存率低于T2和T3处理。综上,种肥同播提高了夏玉米产量、氮肥效率、叶片SAPD值和叶面积指数,保持较高的氮素吸收速率,降低了土壤氮依存率,满足夏玉米整个生育期的氮素需求,实现了夏玉米高产和高效施肥。To clarify the suitable one-off fertilization stage for coated urea 1∶1 with normal urea.The effects of no N application(CK),simultaneous application of fertilizer and sowing(T1),one-time fertilizer application at the fifth leaf stage(T2)and one-off fertilization at the tenth leaf stage(T3)on the growth and development,N accumulation and transport,and yield of summer maize were investigated.The results showed that T1 treatment in Hebi and Yuanyang had the highest yield of 12700 kg/ha and 10945 kg/ha,respectively,but the difference between them and T2 treatment was not significant,and by 14.2%and 10.9%compared with T3 treatment;dry matter accumulation increased by 5.6%-25.1%and 1.6%-21.2%compared with other treatments.The highest SPAD values and leaf area index were reached in T1 leaves at different growth stages.In Hebi and Yuanyang,the highest N apparent utilization efficiency was 35.2%and 35.5%under T1 treatment,which increased 5.6-14.7 and 3.2-13.6 percentage points compared with other treatments.N accumulation increased 13.8%-34.5%and 14.5%-41.5%compared with other N application treatments.Soil dependency rate was lower under T1 treatment than T2 and T3.In conclusion,the simultaneous application of fertilizer and sowing improved maize yield,N fertilizer efficiency,leaf SAPD value and leaf area index,maintained high N uptake rate,reduced soil N dependency rate,met the N demand of maize throughout the reproductive stage,and achieved high yield and efficient fertilization of summer maize.

关 键 词：夏玉米 包膜尿素 一次性施肥 产量 氮肥效率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]