圈养普氏野马夏、冬季肠道菌群多样性研究  

Study on the diversity of gut microbiota of captive Przewalski's horse in winter and summer

作　　者：帕丽达古力·玉山 高雪丽 齐·阿拉达尔 PALIDAGULI Yushan;GAO Xuei;QI Aadaer(College of Animal Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2024年第11期57-61,66,119,120,共8页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2017A01002-1);新疆人社厅高层次人才引进项目。

摘　　要：为了探究季节对圈养普氏野马肠道菌群多样性的影响,试验采用16S rDNA基因测序技术对圈养普氏野马冬季组和夏季组共8份粪便样品(PW1~PW4和PS1~PS4)的细菌DNA进行检测,测序的原始数据经处理后得到有效序列,并对有效序列进行ASV聚类、物种分类注释、各分类水平物种组成分析、物种多样性分析,通过线性判别分析方法(linear discriminant analysis effect size, LEfSe)来确定不同组间从门到属分类水平上相对丰度差异显著的菌群。结果表明:普氏野马冬季组和夏季组共获得632 001条有效序列,对测序数据处理后共获得20个门、289个纲、64个目、109个科、174个属和224个种。在夏季组和冬季组中,门水平上优势菌门为厚壁菌门(76.41%和66.11%)和拟杆菌门(18.99%和26.52%),冬季组厚壁菌门显著下降(P<0.05),冬季组变形菌门和疣微菌门显著上升(P<0.05);在科水平上,相对丰度较高的菌科主要为瘤胃球菌科(31.28%和28.60%)、毛螺菌科(22.61%和19.98%)、艰难杆菌科(5.68%和3.89%),冬季组帕拉普氏菌科、链球菌科和莫拉菌科相对丰度显著高于夏季组(P<0.05);在属水平上,相对丰度较高的菌属主要为颤螺菌属(5.06%和3.10%)、密螺旋体菌属(1.87%和2.91%)、粪球菌属(1.69%和1.34%)、瘤胃球菌属(0.64%和1.10%)、考拉杆菌属(1.00%和0.60%),其中夏季组梭菌属、YRC22菌属、瘤胃球菌属相对丰度显著低于冬季组(P<0.05)。在Alpha多样性分析中,圈养普氏野马冬季组和夏季组之间Chao1和Good’s coverage指数差异显著(P<0.05),其他多样性指数均差异不显著(P>0.05)。在Beta多样性分析中,利用Bray_crutis距离算法进行主成分分析得出冬季组和夏季组之间距离较近,两组样品无重叠,冬季组和夏季组物种组成存在一定差异。圈养普氏野马冬季组和夏季组之间组间差异大于组内差异(R=0.55,P=0.048)。LEfSe分析中当线性判别分析阈值(LDA)>3且P<0.05时,冬季组有16个标In order to explore the impact of seasons on the diversity of gut microbiota of captive Przewalski's horse,16S rDNA gene sequencing was used to detect bacterial DNA in 8 fecal samples(PW1-PW4 and PS1-PS4)of captive Przewalski's horse from winter and summer groups.Effective sequences were obtained after processing the original data and were analyzed by ASV clustering,species annotation,species composition analysis at each taxonomic level,and species diversity analysis.and linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe)was used to determine the significance of relative abundance difference between different groups from phylum to genus classification level.The results showed that 632001 effective sequences were obtained in Przewalski's horse from winter and summer groups,and 20 phylums,289 classes,64 orders,109 families,174 genera and 224 species were obtained after processing the sequencing data.In the summer group and winter group,the dominant bacteria at the phyla level were Firmicutes(76.41%vs.66.11%)and Bacteroidetes(18.99%vs.26.52%),but Firmicutes significantly decreased in the winter group(P<0.05),and Proteobacteria and verrucobacteria significantly increased in the winter group(P<0.05);at the family level,Ruminococcaceae(31.28%vs.28.60%),Lachnospiraceae(22.61%vs.19.98%),and Mogibacteriaceae(5.68%vs.3.89%)were the most abundant families,and the abundance of Palappaceae,Streptococcaceae,and Moraceae in the winter group was significantly higher than that in summer group(P<0.05);at the genus level,the bacteria with high abundance were mainly Oscillospira(5.06%vs.3.10%),Treponema(1.87%vs.2.91%),Coprococcus(1.69%vs.1.34%),Ruminococcus(0.64%vs.1.10%),and Phascolarctobacter(1.00%vs.0.60%),among which,the abundances of Clostridium,YRC22 and Ruminococcaceae decreased significantly in the summer group(P<0.05).In the alpha diversity analysis,there were significant differences in the Chaol and Good's coverage indexes of the captive Przewalski's horse between the winter group and the summer group(P<0.05),but there were no

关 键 词：肠道菌群 普氏野马 多样性 季节 圈养 

分 类 号：S821[农业科学—畜牧学]