夏玉米光合特性、根系生长和产量对砂姜黑土深松增密的响应  

Response of Photosynthetic Characteristics,Root Growth and Yield of Summer Maize to Subsoiling and Increasing Density in Lime Concretion Black Soil

作　　者：郭海斌 张军刚 王文文 薛志伟[3] 许海涛 冯晓曦 王斌功 王成业 Guo Haibin;Zhang Jungang;Wang Wenwen;Xue Zhiwei;Xu Haitao;Feng Xiaoxi;Wang Bingong;Wang Chengye(Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhumadian Comprehensive Experimental Station,Henan Maize Industrial Technology System,Zhumadian 463000,Henan,China;Pingyu Agricultural Science and Technology Experimental Station,Pingyu 463400,Henan,China;Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anyang 455000,Henan,China;Shangcai County Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Shangcai 463800,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]驻马店市农业科学院/河南玉米产业技术体系驻马店综合试验站,河南驻马店463000 [2]平舆县农业科学技术试验站,河南平舆463400 [3]安阳市农业科学院,河南安阳455000 [4]上蔡县农业农村局,河南上蔡463800

出　　处：《作物杂志》2024年第3期109-118,共10页Crops

基　　金：河南省现代玉米产业技术体系驻马店综合试验站建设项目(Z2021-02-04)。

摘　　要：为了探明黄淮海南部砂姜黑土深松增密后,夏玉米光合特性、根系生长和籽粒产量变化特征,采用大田试验,设置2种耕作方式(常规旋耕和深松耕作)和5个种植密度(4.5万、6.0万、7.5万、9.0万和10.5万株/hm^(2))。结果显示,深松耕作后,穗位层透光率、底层透光率、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度分别提高了14.8%、10.9%、9.0%、3.7%和12.7%;根系干重、长度和表面积分别增加了19.6%、15.8%和15.0%;穗数、穗粒数和千粒重分别增加了1.4%、4.3%和5.4%。深松耕作在9.09万株/hm^(2)下获得最大产量,与常规旋耕相比,最适种植密度提升了9.7%,平均增产8.4%。因此,在黄淮海南部砂姜黑土上可以通过深松耕作充分挖掘夏玉米的增密增产潜力。In order to investigate the characteristics of changes in photosynthetic characteristics,root growth and grain yield of summer maize after subsoiling and density increasing in lime concretion black soil in the south of Huang-Huai-Hai region,a field experiment was conducted with two tillage methods(conventional rotary tillage and subsoiling tillage)and five planting densities(4.5×10^(4),6.0×10^(4),7.5×10^(4),9.0×10^(4),10.5×10^(4) plants/ha).The results showed that after subsoiling tillage,the light transmittances of ear position layer and bottom layer,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance increased by 14.8%,10.9%,9.0%,3.7%and 12.7%,respectively.The root dry weight,length and surface area increased by 19.6%,15.8%and 15.0%,respectively.The ear number,grain number per ear and 1000-grain weight increased by 1.4%,4.3%and 5.4%,respectively.The maximum yield was obtained under the planting density of 9.09×10^(4) plants/ha,compared with conventional rotary tillage,the optimum planting density increased by 9.7%,and the average yield increased by 8.4%.Therefore,subsoiling tillage can improve the potential of increasing density and yield of summer maize in lime concretion black soil in the south of Huang-Huai-Hai.

关 键 词：夏玉米 深松耕作 种植密度 光合特性 根系分布 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]