一种新型棉花种子球化技术及其对棉花出苗、产量和品质的影响  

A New Cotton Seed Balling Technology and Its Influence on Cotton Seedling Emergence,Yield and Quality

作　　者：谢章书 谢学方[2] 周成轩 许豆豆 李佳芮 屠小菊 刘爱玉[1] 李飞[3] 巩养仓[3] 贺云新[3] 魏尚职 吴碧波[5] 周仲华[1] Xie Zhangshu;Xie Xuefang;Zhou Chengxuan;Xu Doudou;Li Jiarui;Tu Xiaoju;Liu Aiyu;Li Fei;Gong Yangcang;He Yunxin;Wei Shangzhi;Wu Bibo;Zhou Zhonghua(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China;Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,Hainan,China;Hunan Institute of Cotton Science,Changde 415101,Hunan,China;Huanggai Agricultural Comprehensive Service Centre,Linxiang,Yueyang 414303,Hunan,China;Hunan Bio-Mechanical and Electrical Vocational and Technical College,Changsha 410127,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南海口571101 [3]湖南省棉花科学研究所,湖南常德415101 [4]湖南省临湘市黄盖镇农业综合服务中心,湖南岳阳414303 [5]湖南生物机电职业技术学院,湖南长沙410127

出　　处：《作物杂志》2024年第3期257-264,共8页Crops

基　　金：湖南省棉花产业技术体系栽培与良种繁育岗位专家项目(湘农发[2022]31号);湖南省农业农村厅项目(湘财建指(2023)98号)。

摘　　要：以早熟直播棉品种JX0010为供试材料,采用木薯改良性淀粉、膨润土、硅藻土、凹凸棒土和育苗基质对棉花种子进行球化处理,并在湖南农业大学耘园试验基地进行了种子处理、播期和播种密度的三因素再裂区试验,探究棉花种子球化处理对棉花出苗率、生育期、纤维品质和产量的影响。结果表明,种子球化处理后的棉花生育期为101~108 d,较种子直播(116~126 d)显著缩短15~18 d。棉花种子球化处理后的出苗率和出苗穴率分别比种子直播提高19.63%~25.00%和14.82%~20.74%,二者差异显著。与种子直播相比,球化处理后的棉花单株铃数、单铃重、籽棉产量和皮棉产量均显著提高。种子处理对纤维品质并无显著影响,但在各因素相互作用下有一定程度变化。综合分析,棉花种子球化处理可以提高棉种出苗率,缩短生育期,达到高产的目的。JX0010,an early maturing cotton variety bred by the Cotton Research Institute of Hunan Agricultural University,were used as the test material,and the cotton seeds were balled with cassava modified benign starch,bentonite,diatomite,attapulgite and seedling substrate,and a re-split experiment of three factors including seed treatment,sowing date and sowing density were carried out in the experiment base of Hunan Agricultural University to explore the effects of seed balling on cotton emergence rate,growth period,fiber quality and yield.The results showed that the growth period of cotton after seed balling was 101-108 d,which was significantly shortened by 15-18 d compared with 116-126 d of direct seeding.The emergence rate and emergence hole rate of cotton seeds after balling treatment were 19.63%-25.00%and 14.82%-20.74%,and higher than those of direct seeding,respectively.Compared with seed direct seeding,the number of bolls per plant,single boll weight,seed cotton yield and lint yield of cotton after balling treatment were significantly increased.Seed treatment had no significant effect on fiber quality,but it changed to a certain extent under the interaction of various factors.Comprehensive analysis showed that the treatment of seed balling could improve the emergence rate of cotton seeds,shorten the growth period and achieve higher yield.

关 键 词：棉花 播种密度 播期 种子球化 出苗率 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]