基于工程格局优化的塔里木河流域水资源优化配置  

Optimal Allocation of Water Resources in Tarim River Basin Based on Engineering Pattern Optimization

作　　者：洪良鹏 白涛[2] 李江 刘东[2] HONG Liangpeng;BAI Tao;LI Jiang;LIU Dong(Management Bureau of the Main Stream of Xinjiang Tarim River Basin,Kuerle 841000,China;State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi′an University of Technology,Xi′an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆塔里木河流域管理局,新疆库尔勒841000 [2]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《人民珠江》2024年第6期20-29,共10页Pearl River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3202300);国家自然科学基金项目(52179025、51879213);中国博士后科学基金(2019T120933、2017M623332XB);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2019JLM-52);新疆维吾尔自治区水利厅规设局项目(403-1005-YBNFT6I)。

摘　　要：为优化流域内工程格局,缓解流域内供水矛盾,提高流域水资源综合利用效率,以塔里木河流域源流阿克苏河、和田河、叶尔羌河及其干流为研究对象,针对流域内存在的平原水库蒸发渗漏损失大、水资源供需矛盾突出等问题,建立并求解了水库群联合调配模型。结果表明:制定并优选了源流山区水库替代干流平原水库方案,通过替代干流平原水库群能够显著减少流域缺水总量及损失水量,缓解流域供需矛盾;在满足工业生活需水的基础上,通过适当减少源流区下泄水量,极大缓解了源流区与干流区用水矛盾,提高了流域灌溉供水;制定了优化规划目标下的水资源配置方案,即多年平均条件下农业灌溉供水和河道外生态供水分别为135.02亿、14.04亿m^(3)。研究成果对于指导平原水库废弃提供技术支撑,对干旱区相似流域的生态保护和水资源可持续利用具有科学指导意义和推广示范价值。In order to optimize engineering layout,alleviate the contradiction between water supply and demand,and improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of water resources in the basin,this study took the sources of the Tarim River including the Aksu River,Hotan River,and Yeerqiang River and its main streams as the research objects.In response to problems such as the large evaporation and seepage losses of plain reservoirs within the river basin and the prominent contradiction between supply and demand of water resources,a joint allocation model of reservoir groups was established and solved.The research results show that a scheme for replacing plain reservoirs in the main streams with mountainous reservoirs has been developed and optimized.By replacing the plain reservoir groups in the main streams,the total water shortage and water loss in the basin can be significantly reduced,and the contradiction between water supply and demand in the basin can be eased.On the basis of meeting the demand for industrial and domestic water,properly reducing the water discharge in the source area can greatly alleviate the water contradiction between the source area and the main stream area and improve the irrigation water supply in the basin.Under the objective of optimized planning,a water resources allocation scheme is made.To be specific,under the condition of average water supply for many years,the water supply for agricultural irrigation and ecological water supply outside the river are 13.502 billion m^(3) and 1.404 billion m^(3),respectively.The research results provide technical support for guiding the abandonment of plain reservoirs and have scientific guiding significance and demonstration value for ecological protection and sustainable utilization of water resources in similar basins in arid areas.

关 键 词：水库群 水资源配置 水库群替代方案 塔里木河 

分 类 号：TV21[水利工程—水文学及水资源]