近代日本茶叶外贸商品检验制度供给及其特质  

The Establishment and Characteristics of Japanese Tea Foreign Trade Commodity Inspection System

作　　者：宋时磊[1] Song Shilei

机构地区：[1]武汉大学茶文化研究中心

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2024年第2期47-62,291,共17页The World History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“近代中日应对西方茶叶贸易质量规制的路径比较研究”(项目编号:16CSS012)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近代中日商品检验制度之创设,与西方国家所设置的技术贸易性壁垒的前身—质量门槛—密不可分。就中日两国都出口的大宗商品茶叶而言,为了应对西方规制,日本建立了以茶业组合为主体、在输出港口检查的商品检验制度,不断扩大检验规模,完善检验程序和方法,取得了一定成效。日本茶业界及其社会团体茶业组合也希望由政府出面,直接办理茶叶出口法定检验业务,以增强公信力,并数次请愿。然而日本政府并未积极回应,而是通过出台或及时更新法令的形式,确认茶业组合具体办理检验的合法性。这一制度供给方式,与中国在民国时期要求收回外商检验主导权、最后改为国家办理商品检验事业的实践路径,有着很大异质性。这种差异体现出中日两国时代命题和资本主义转型的不同命运,而由国家利用行政权办理商品检验的制度供给,对后世产生了深刻影响。The establishment of commodity inspection system in modern China and Japan is closely related to the“quality threshold”which is the predecessor of technical trade barrier set by Western countries.Specifically,for tea,a commodity exported in bulk by China and Japan,Japan established a commodity inspection system dominated by the tea industry cooperatives at the export port.Japanese tea cooperatives had been expanding the scale of inspection,improving the inspection procedures and methods,and made certain achievements eventually.Japanese tea cooperatives also hoped that the government can directly handle the statutory inspection business of tea to enhance credibility.They petitioned several times,however,the government did not respond positively.By issuing or timely updating laws,the central government confirmed the legality of the inspection of the tea industry cooperatives.Japanese mode is different from the Republic of China style.During the period of the Republic of China,China demanded to recover the leading right of commodity inspection and finally changed the inspection business to the state.This reflects different fate of the Times Transformation and the capitalist transformation between China and Japan.The system of commodity inspection provided by the state with executive power impacts on the later generations profoundly.

关 键 词：同业公会 茶业组合 商品检验 对外贸易 质量门槛 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]