英国土地租佃制度的变革——以19世纪末至20世纪初的佃农权利调整为中心  

Changes in the Land Tenancy System in British--The Adjustment of Tenant Rights in the Late 19th and Early 20th centuries

作　　者：田丰源 Tian Fengyuan

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2024年第2期230-250,296,共22页The World History Review

摘　　要：土地租佃制度是英国土地制度中的重要一环,英国是世界上较早实现租佃制度现代化转变的国家之一。19世纪英国土地租佃制度依然具有传统性,并面临着新的挑战及变革的压力。19世纪末至20世纪初,在多重因素的推动下,英国佃农权利主要在佃农投资补偿权、土地经营自主权和限制地主狩猎活动对租佃经营的干扰等三个方面取得重要的立法进展。这次佃农权利的调整使英国土地租佃制度的商业性特征更加突出,租佃双方以平等和独立的地位和身份进行合作,实现了土地租佃制度从传统向现代的转型。同时,土地租佃制度的变革所推动的农村社会秩序的变化表明了土地租佃制度所蕴含的农村社会意义。佃农权利调整的过程也反映出英国土地租佃制度的变革具有鲜明的渐进性、应激性,以及推动变革的社会阶层具有多元性等特征。The land tenancy system is an important part of the land system in Britain.Britain is one of the countries that realized the modernization of the tenancy system earlier in the world.In the 19th century,the British land tenancy system was still traditional and faced with new challenges and pressure of reform.From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century,driven by multiple factors,the rights of tenant in British mainly made important legislative progress in three aspects:the right of compensation for tenant farmers'investment,the autonomy of land management and the restriction of landlord hunting activities to the interference of tenancy management.The adjustment of tenant rights made the commercial characteristics of the British land tenancy system more prominent.The two tenants cooperated with each other in an equal and independent position and realized the transformation of the land tenancy system from traditional to modern.At the same time,the change of rural social order promoted by the reform of land tenancy system indicates the rural social significance contained in land tenancy system.The process of adjusting the rights of tenant also reflects that the reform of the land tenancy system in British has distinct characteristics of gradualism and stress response,as well as the diversity of social class that promote the reform.

关 键 词：英国农业史 土地租佃制度 佃农权利 农业危机 主佃关系 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]