权益区分理论下数据法益保护模式  

The Protection of Data Interests under the Distinction of Interests Theory

作　　者：席志国[1] 纪雨杉 XI Zhi-guo;JI Yu-shan(Civil,Commercial and Economic Law School,Chinese University of Political and Law,Beijing 10080,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《西北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期126-139,共14页Journal of Northwest University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“民法典编纂的内部与外部体系研究”(18ZDA141)。

摘　　要：大数据时代各种数据权益保护学说值得进一步反思与检讨。数据权益保护问题在我国既有规则体系内完全能够得到妥善解决。因数据的非排他性与权利的排他效力间的根本冲突,数据权益难以被纳入绝对权或相对权中进行保护,而各类新型数据权利混淆了权利在民法体系中的定位,忽视了体系功能,甚至阻遏数据的共享与流通。从体系逻辑、制度调适成本与数据治理全球发展方向来看,数据权益应当被纳入法益保护模式中。数据法益保护应以事实控制状态为基础,将数据权益直接归属于事实控制人,保护范围以各个主体享有的事实利益范围为限。数据产权分置政策应经法律解释还原为数据法益归属确认的基础前提与数据主体行为规范的设计方向。Various data rights protection doctrines in the era of big data deserve further reflection and review.Data rights protection issues can be properly resolved within China’s existing rule system.Based on a review of various theories,this paper believes that the issue of data rights protection can be properly resolved within China’s existing rule system.Due to the fundamental conflict between the non-exclusivity of data and the exclusivity of rights,data rights are difficult to be included in absolute or relative rights for protection.Various new types of data rights confuse the positioning of rights in the civil law system,ignore the system function,and even hinder the sharing and circulation of data.From the perspective of system logic,institutional adjustment costs,and global development direction of data governance,data rights should be included in the legal interest protection model.The protection of data legal interests should be based on the factual control status,and the data rights should be directly attributed to the factual controller,with the protection scope limited to the factual interests enjoyed by each entity.The policy of separating data property rights should be interpreted by law and restored as the basic premise for confirming the ownership of data legal interests and the design direction of behavioral norms for data subjects.

关 键 词：数据确权 数据法益 权益区分理论 数据保护模式 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]