常备军兴起对近代早期法国历史的影响  

Influences of the Standing Army on the History of Early-Modern France

作　　者：许二斌[1] Xu Erbin(School of History and Cultural Heritage,Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian,361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学历史与文化遗产学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《古代文明（中英文）》2024年第3期60-71,157,158,共14页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“常备军兴起与近代早期西欧社会研究”(项目批号:22ASS003)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：法国从15世纪中期开始走上发展常备军之路,历经两个多世纪,最终在路易十四统治期间建成了一支规模庞大且门类齐全的常备军,并成为当时欧洲各国学习的样板。大规模常备军的出现给法国带来军事上的优势,但也促使欧洲列强联合起来对抗法国。供养常备军的压力迫使法国政府采取各种措施扩大财政收入,进而导致财政—军事国家的形成。有一支强大的常备军作为后盾,法国君主成功压制了一切企图限制王权的努力,确立了法国版的绝对君主制。France began to develop a standing army from the mid-15th century.After more than two centuries,a large standing army was finally established under the reign of Louis XIV which became a model for European countries.The emergence of a large standing army brought military advantage for France.Meanwhile,it also stimulated other European powers to form up an alliance against France.The pressure to maintain a standing army forced the French government to take various measures to increase its fiscal revenue,which led to the formation of a fiscal-military state.In possession of a formidable standing army,the French monarchs successfully suppressed all attempts to limit the royal power and established the French version of absolute monarchy.

关 键 词：常备军 法国 财政—军事国家 绝对君主制 

分 类 号：D756.5[政治法律—政治学] K565.4[政治法律—中外政治制度]