长江流域棉花高效益间作模式筛选  

Selection of High Benefit Intercropping Patterns for Cotton in the Yangtze River Basin

作　　者：傅淋 陈岱卉 贺璐 何顺 李玉芳[1] 匡政成[1] 陈泽南 肖才升[1] 李庠[1] 李飞[1] 巩养仓[1] FU Lin;CHEN Daihui;HE Lu;HE Shun;LI Yufang;KUANG Zhengcheng;CHEN Zenan;XIAO Caisheng;LI Xiang;LI Fei;GONG Yangcang(Hunan Cotton Science Institute,Changde 415101,China;Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Hunan Provincial,Changsha 410100,China;Anxiang County Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Changde 415600,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省棉花科学研究所,湖南常德415101 [2]湖南省农业农村厅,湖南长沙410100 [3]安乡县农业农村局,湖南常德415600

出　　处：《湖南生态科学学报》2024年第2期68-75,共8页Journal of Hunan Ecological Science

基　　金：2023年湖南省棉花科技创新项目,2022年湖南省自然基金项目(2022JJ50248)。

摘　　要：[目的]在长江流域对以棉花为基础的间作模式进行综合分析,筛选出高经济效益的种植模式。[方法]利用单因素随机区组设计,设置棉花/甘薯(MG)、棉花/玉米(MY)、棉花/花生(MH)、棉花/油葵(MK)、棉花/大豆(MD)、棉花/青蒿(MQ)、棉花/甜瓜(MT)、棉花/辣椒(ML)、棉花/豇豆(MJ)9种棉田间作模式及9种作物单作模式等,对比其在实际物化成本、人工成本及系统经济效益等方面的差异。[结果]通过对9种棉田间作模式产量优势进行比较分析,不同间作处理土地当量比的差异极显著(P<0.01),MT、MG土地当量比分别为1.48、1.30,间作产量优势明显;ML、MQ土地当量比均为1.21,具有一定的产量优势;不同间作处理对总产值的影响极显著,其中,MJ、ML、MG、MT总产值较高,均与棉花单作总产值呈极显著差异,增收效益明显。结合生产资料和人力投入成本进行核算,MJ、MG、MT、ML虽然成本相对较高,但由于总产值优势明显,亩均纯收益依然较为可观,分别为棉花单作纯收益的250.7倍、170.2倍、163.0倍、160.1倍。[结论]筛选出MJ、ML、MG、MT等4种高效益间作模式,其中MJ总产值与纯收益均居第1位,ML对棉花的增产效益明显,MG、MT对分作物和棉花的产量均有较大的提升,可为长江流域棉花高效种植及效益提升提供参考。[Objective]It is to make a comprehensive analysis of intercropping patterns based on cotton in the Yangtze River Basin and screen out the cropping patterns with high economic benefits.[Method]Using single factor random block design,9 intercropping patterns of cotton/sweet potato(MG),cotton/corn(MY),cotton/peanut(MH),cotton/oil sunflower(MK),cotton/soybean(MD),cotton/artemisia annua(MQ),cotton/melon(MT),cotton/pepper(ML),cotton/cowpea(MJ)and 9 crop monoculture patterns were set up,and the differences in actual physical and chemical costs,labor costs and system economic benefits were compared.[Result]Through the comparative analysis of the yield advantage of 9 intercropping patterns of cotton field,the difference of land equivalent ratio of different intercropping treatments was very significant(P<0.01).The land equivalent ratios of MT and MG were 1.48 and 1.30,respectively,with obvious intercropping yield advantage.The land equivalent ratios of ML and MQ were 1.21,with a certain yield advantage.The effects of different intercropping treatments on the total output value were very significant.Among them,the total output value of MJ,ML,MG and MT was higher,which showed significant difference from the total output value of cotton single cropping,and the income increase benefit was obvious.Combined with the cost of production materials and human input,although the costs of MJ,MG,MT and ML were relatively high,the average net incomes per mu were still considerable due to the obvious advantages of the total output value,which were 250.7 times,170.2 times,163.0 times and 160.1 times of the net income of cotton mono cropping,respectively.[Conclusion]The four high benefit intercropping patterns of MJ,ML,MG and MT were selected,in which MJ ranked first in total output value and net yield.ML had obvious yield increase benefits on cotton,and MG and MT had great improvement on sub-crops and cotton yield,which could provide reference for cotton efficient planting and benefit improvement in the Yangtze River Basin.

关 键 词：棉花 间作 模式 经济效益 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学] S562.3[生物学—普通生物学]