2016至2020年中国生育年龄时空分布特征研究  

Temporal and geographic trends in maternal and paternal ages in China from 2016 to 2020

作　　者：周玉博[1,2] 余洪钊 王爱玲 刘扬[1,2] 李宏田 刘建蒙[1,2] 许宗余[3] ZHOU Yubo;YU Hongzhao;WANG Ailing;LIU Yang;LI Hongtian;LIU Jianmeng;XU Zongyu(Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health,Peking University;Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学生育健康研究所/国家卫生健康委员会生育健康重点实验室,1100191 [2]北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系 [3]国家卫生健康委妇幼健康中心

出　　处：《中国生育健康杂志》2024年第4期301-305,312,共6页Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health

基　　金：国家卫生健康委课题《开展孕产妇基本特征多源数据分析研究》。

摘　　要：目的了解2016至2020年中国产妇及其分娩时丈夫年龄的时间变化趋势及空间分布特征。方法利用2016至2020年《全国妇幼健康统计调查制度》中的出生与分娩信息,开展产妇年龄和丈夫年龄分析。数据清理后,共纳入分析66341749条产妇年龄信息和65984835条丈夫年龄信息。采用Mann-Kendall检验和趋势卡方检验分析产妇和丈夫年龄随时间变化的线性趋势,采用分段线性模型分析产妇和丈夫年龄变化的非线性趋势。结果2016至2020年,产妇平均年龄为(28.8±5.1)岁,丈夫平均年龄为(30.6±5.5)岁;≥35岁的高龄产妇占比为12.1%,≥40岁丈夫占比为6.1%。产妇年龄从2016年的28.3岁上升到2020年的29.2岁,丈夫年龄从30.3岁上升到31.0岁。产妇和丈夫平均年龄均呈非单调上升趋势,即2016至2017年上升速度较快、2017至2018年有所下降、2018年后再次快速上升但慢于2016至2017年。2020年产妇平均年龄超过30.0岁的省份包括北京、上海、内蒙古、山东、天津和辽宁;平均年龄低于28.0岁的省份有云南、青海和贵州。2020年丈夫平均年龄前5位依次是北京、上海、辽宁、广西和内蒙古;平均年龄低于30.0岁的省份分别是贵州、新疆、甘肃和西藏。结论2016至2020年间中国产妇年龄和丈夫年龄均显著上升,2020年分别达29.2岁和31.0岁;产妇和丈夫年龄在省份间分布差异显著,多个经济相对发达省份处于年龄高值。在生育率持续低迷、出生人口逐年降低的背景下,宜多层面多渠道积极引导加强宣教,重塑社会婚育文化,提倡适龄婚育、避免高龄生育风险,促进人口长期均衡发展。Objective To analyze the temporal and geographic trends of maternal and paternal ages at delivery in China from 2016 to 2020.Methods Using nationwide birth and delivery information from 2016 to 2020,we analyzed maternal and paternal ages.A total of 66,341,749 maternal age records and 65,984,835 paternal age records were analyzed.Mann-Kendall and trend chi-square tests were employed to analyze linear temporal trends,while segmented linear models analyzed nonlinear trends.Results The average maternal age from 2016 to 2020 was(28.8±5.1)years,and the average paternal age was(30.6±5.5)years.The proportions of advanced maternal(≥35.0 years)and paternal ages(≥40.0 years)were 12.1%and 6.1%,respectively.Maternal age increased from 28.3 years in 2016 to 29.2 years in 2020,while paternal age increased from 30.3 years to 31.0 years.Both maternal and paternal ages exhibited a non-monotonic upward trend,characterized by a rapid increase from 2016 to 2017,a slight decline from 2017 to 2018,and a slower upward trend post-2018 compared to 2016-2017.In 2020,the provinces with an average maternal age exceeding 30.0 years were Beijing,Shanghai,Inner Mongolia,Shandong,Tianjin,and Liaoning.The provinces with an average maternal age below 28.0 years were Yunnan,Qinghai and Guizhou.In 2020,the top five provinces by average paternal age were Beijing,Shanghai,Liaoning,Guangxi and Inner Mongolia.The provinces with an average paternal age below 30.0 years were Guizhou,Xinjiang,Gansu and Tibet.Conclusion During 2016-2020,the average ages of both mothers and fathers in China significantly increased,reaching 29.2 years and 31.0 years,respectively;the ages were markedly varied across provinces,with higher ages in several developed provinces.Given the lower fertility rates and declining birth numbers,it is of significance to promote education and awareness at multiple levels and through various channels to reshape societal norms regarding marriage and childbirth.Encouraging timely marriage and childbirth and avoiding the risks associated w

关 键 词：产妇年龄 丈夫年龄 时间变化趋势 空间分布特征 

分 类 号：R17[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]