中国部分农村地区留守儿童看护人抑郁的影响因素分析  

Analysis on the influencing factors of depressive symptoms among left-behind children′s caregivers in some rural areas of China

作　　者：马格格 石慧峰[1,2] 李梦诗 赵春霞 王晓莉 张敬旭[1] MA Gege;SHI Huifeng;LI Mengshi;ZHAO Chunxia;Wang Xiaoli;Zhang Jingxu(Department of Maternal and Child Health,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系,100191 [2]北京大学第三医院妇产科

出　　处：《中国生育健康杂志》2024年第4期306-312,共7页Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health

基　　金：联合国儿童基金会“贫困地区留守儿童健康和发展促进项目”(0860/A0/05/502)。

摘　　要：目的 分析中国部分农村地区留守儿童看护人抑郁的影响因素。方法 采用多阶段分层抽样的方法获得调查村。通过自编问卷收集调查村内所有3岁以下留守儿童及其主要看护人的资料,通过Zung氏抑郁自评量表(ZSDS)评估留守儿童看护人抑郁情况。采用多因素Logistic回归分析留守儿童看护人抑郁和中重度抑郁的影响因素,采用t检验探讨沟通交流因素与留守儿童看护人抑郁的相关性。结果 本研究显示留守儿童看护人抑郁发生率为41.4%(372/899)。与外出丈夫保持每日联系的留守儿童母亲以及与外出父母在养育方面无分歧的留守儿童祖辈具有较低的抑郁严重程度指数(DSI)。留守女童的看护人抑郁风险较低(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.56~0.98);留守儿童看护人年龄≥60岁(OR=1.80,95%CI:1.15~2.80;OR=1.75,95%CI:1.06~2.88)、具有3种或以上的负面身体因素(OR=2.93,95%CI:1.66~5.19;OR=1.89,95%CI:1.04~3.44)、家庭经济水平较低(OR=1.41,95%CI:1.05~1.90;OR=1.82,95%CI:1.24~2.66)和家庭成员酗酒(OR=3.12,95%CI:1.82~5.33;OR=1.82,95%CI:1.03~3.21)可使其看护人抑郁及中重度抑郁的风险升高。结论 调查地区留守儿童看护人抑郁发生率较高。高年龄、较差的身体状况和家庭环境等是留守儿童看护人抑郁的危险因素,此外留守儿童看护人抑郁也与其跟外出家人沟通交流状况相关。Objective To analyze the influencing factors of depressive symptoms among left-behind children′s caregivers in some rural areas of China.Methods Multi-stage stratified sampling was used to obtain survey villages.In the survey villages,the self-designed questionnaire was used to collect information on left-behind children under the age of 3 and their primary caregivers,and Zung′s Self-rating Depression Scale(ZSDS)was used to assess the depressive symptoms of the caregivers.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of depressive symptoms and moderate-severe depressive symptoms among left-behind children′s caregivers.Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms among left-behind children′s caregivers was 41.4%(372/899).The Depression Severity Index(DSI)was lower among left-behind children′s mothers who maintained daily contact with their absent husbands and left-behind children′s grandparents who had no disagreement with their absent children about parenting.Caregivers of left-behind girls were at lower risk of depressive symptoms(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.56-0.98);olderage(OR=1.80,95%CI:1.15-2.80;OR=1.75,95%CI:1.06-2.88),having three or more negative physical factors(OR=2.93,95%CI:1.66-5.19;OR=1.89,95%CI:1.04-3.44),lower household economic status(OR=1.41,95%CI:1.05-1.90;OR=1.82,95%CI:1.24-2.66)and alcohol abuse by family members(OR=3.12,95%CI:1.82-5.33;OR=1.82,95%CI:1.03-3.21)increased the risk of depressive symptoms among left-behind children′s caregivers.Conclusion The prevalence of depressive symptoms among left-behind children′s caregivers was high in survey areas.Older age,poorer physical condition,and poorer family environment were risk factors for depressive symptoms among left-behind children′s caregivers which also associated with communication status with migrant family members.

关 键 词：留守儿童看护人抑郁 中国农村地区 影响因素 

分 类 号：R17[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]