利用探地雷达测定东北黑土层厚度在坡面的空间变化  

Spatial Variation of Black Soil Thickness on Slope Measured by Using Ground Penetrating Radar in Northeast China

作　　者：刘畅 刘勤[2] 张琼[1,3] 淡晨希 刘刚 LIU Chang;LIU Qin;ZHANG Qiong;DAN Chenxi;LIU Gang(The State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Agriculture on the Loess Plateau,College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College,Chongzhou,Sichuan 611231,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Ministry of Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院(水土保持研究所)黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨陵712100 [2]四川水利职业技术学院,四川崇州611231 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《土壤学报》2024年第4期952-963,共12页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程(XDA28010201)专项资助。

摘　　要：准确掌握黑土层厚度分布信息对于黑土资源评价和保护具有重要意义。然而,传统土层厚度测定方法包括土壤剖面法、插钎法和钻孔法等对于大范围的土壤厚度测定效率较低且连续性较差。本研究利用探地雷达探测了东北黑土区直型、凸型和凹型3种坡型坡面的黑土层厚度。室内模拟试验对黑土及黄土母质土壤分别设置不同的容重和含水量,探究土壤含水量和容重对土壤介电常数的影响以及探地雷达测定黑土厚度的可行性。野外试验通过开挖剖面和预埋标识物,验证了探地雷达测量黑土厚度的准确性。结果表明:土壤介电常数随容重的增大而增大,随土壤含水量的增加而减小;黑土和黄土母质层土壤含水量、容重和介电常数之间的关系可以用两个对数方程来描述,其精确度为95.26%~99.66%。探地雷达测量黑土厚度与剖面实测厚度相比,精确度为87.05%~95.58%。3个坡面的黑土厚度空间分布不同,且坡脚发生沉积处的黑土厚度较大,坡肩和坡背土壤侵蚀较严重处的黑土厚度较薄。本研究可为进一步探明和保护黑土资源提供一种高效、准确的土壤厚度调查方法。【Objective】The black soil region of Northeast China is an important commodity grain production base in China.However,long-term high-intensity reclamation and unprotected utilization have led to serious soil erosion and continuous reduction of black soil thickness.In some areas,the low-nutrient loess parent material was exposed,resulting in decreased land productivity,and food production was seriously threatened.However,determination of the distribution of soil thickness on the slope is challenging.The traditional soil thickness measurement methods,including the soil profile method,soil probes,and the drilling method,are inefficient and cannot ensure continuity along the slope.Therefore,this study aims to apply a new method,ground penetrating radar(GPR),to measure the continuous variation of black soil thickness on slopes.【Method】In this study,the GPR was used to continuously measure the black soil thickness on three slopes(straight,convex,and concave)in northeast China.Firstly,two types of soil,black soil and loess parent material were probed in a wood box to investigate the effect of soil moisture and bulk density on the soil permittivity and to prove the feasibility of GPR determination for black soil thickness.Then,the accuracy of the GPR in measuring black soil thickness was verified in conjunction with field trial excavation profiles and pre-buried iron pipes.【Result】(1)The soil permittivity increased and decreased with the increasing bulk density and soil moisture,respectively.The relationships among soil moisture,bulk density,and soil permittivity for both black soil and loess parent material can be represented by logarithmic equations with an accuracy of 95.26%~99.66%.(2)Compared with the actual thickness of the soil profile,the accuracy of GPR measurements for black soil thickness was 87.05%~95.58%.(3)The spatial distribution of black soil thickness differed among the three slopes.However,the overall wave-like variation was observed.Deposition occurred at the slope foot and the black soil thi

关 键 词：探地雷达 介电常数 土层厚度 空间变化 

分 类 号：S159-3[农业科学—土壤学]