叶面喷施山梨醇螯合钾对花生产量及根际土壤微生物群落的影响  

Effects of Foliar Spraying of Sorbitol Chelated Potassium on Peanut Yield and Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community

作　　者：孙伟 张欢洋 魏倩倩 曾凡鹤 李腾升 赵立 韩传浩 张静 张子琪 石祥 颜冬云 SUN Wei;ZHANG Huanyang;WEI Qianqian;ZENG Fanhe;LI Tengsheng;ZHAO Li;HAN Chuanhao;ZHANG Jing;ZHANG Ziqi;SHI Xiang;YAN Dongyun(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《土壤学报》2024年第4期1099-1110,共12页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31972516);山东省重点研发计划项目(2017GNC11116)共同资助。

摘　　要：中国农用钾肥严重依赖进口,通过改变钾元素的存在形态进一步提高钾的利用效率,具有重要现实意义。以花生(品种为花育22)为供试作物,2020—2021年连续进行了两季大田试验,采用完全随机区组设计,考察自由离子态钾(无机盐钾)与山梨醇螯合态钾对花生产量、干物质积累量、钾积累量以及花生根际土壤细菌群落结构的影响。在常规施肥基础上进行花生不同生育期喷施试验,设置清水对照(CK)、无机钾(IK)、山梨醇混合无机钾(MK)、山梨醇螯合钾(SK,自制)和市售螯合钾(LK,国外产品)5个处理。结果表明,叶面追施钾肥可显著提高花生产量,与IK或LK处理相比,SK处理两年平均增产率分别提高18.9%、14.97%,产量构成要素百仁重、百果重、饱果率均得到显著提升;山梨醇螯合钾处理的花生植株干物质积累量、钾积累量均得到显著提高,说明自制山梨醇螯合钾能够促进钾营养元素在植株中的分配。与其他处理相比,山梨醇螯合钾处理增加了花生根际土壤微生物多样性与丰富度。相关性分析表明,产量的增加与钾元素吸收、分配及根际微生物变化显著相关。综上,在相同的施钾水平上,与无机盐钾形态相比,山梨醇螯合钾更能促进花生植株对钾素的吸收和积累,综合表现为产量的增加。该研究结果可为提高钾肥利用效率提供理论及实际参考。【Objective】China depends heavily on agricultural potassium fertilizer imported from abroad.Thus,it is important to improve potassium utilization efficiency by changing the existing forms of potassium.【Method】In this paper,a two-year field trial(in 2020 and 2021)was set up using Virginia-type peanut Huayu 22 to investigate the effects of inorganic potassium(free ionic state)and sorbitol chelated potassium on peanut yield,dry matter accumulation,potassium accumulation,and bacterial community structure in peanut rhizosphere soil by a completely randomized block design.Under the premise of conventional fertilization,peanut spraying experiments were carried out at different growth stages and with five treatments:CK,water control;IK,inorganic potassium;MK,sorbitol mixed inorganic potassium;SK,sorbitol chelated potassium(self-made);and LK,commercially available chelated potassium(Canada).【Result】The results showed that foliar topdressing potassium fertilizer on leaves could significantly increase the peanut yield.Compared with the treatment of IK or LK treatments,the two-year average yield of SK treatments increased by 18.9%and 14.97%,respectively.The yield components of 100-seed weight,100-pod weight,and full fruit rate were all significantly improved.Also,the dry matter accumulation and potassium accumulation of peanut plants treated with sorbitol-chelated potassium were significantly increased.Compared with CK,IK,and LK treatments,the total dry matter of peanut plants treated with SK increased by 19.5%,19.1%,and 15.7%in the stage of the full pod,and increased by 22.8%,27.4%,and 11.7%at the mature stage,respectively.Potassium accumulation in peanut kernels increased by 30.6%,49.8%and,44.8%in the stage of full pod,and increased by 30.8%,59.1%,and 10.8%at the mature stage,respectively.The above results showed that self-made sorbitol-chelated potassium could promote the absorption and distribution of potassium nutrients in plants.Furthermore,the microbial diversity and richness of peanut rhizosphere soil incr

关 键 词：花生 无机钾 山梨醇螯合钾 产量 钾积累 根际土壤微生物群落 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]