关于西方“族群”理论研究的回顾与再反思  

A Review and Reconsideration on Western Theories on"Ethnic Groups"

作　　者：沈培建 Shen Peijian

机构地区：[1]加拿大西门菲沙大学,加拿大温哥华市V6B5K3

出　　处：《民族研究》2024年第2期15-29,M0002,M0003,共17页Ethno-National Studies

摘　　要：中华民族共同体意识体现了中华文明的连续性、统一性和包容性等特性,而西方“族群化”所宣扬的族群意识则具有分裂排他性。本文力求遵循“两个结合”,特别是以“第二个结合”为指导,即结合中华文明的突出特性来认识中华民族共同体意识与西方族群意识之间的根本区别,认识中国少数民族与西方族群之间的根本区别,进而认清“族群化”、族群意识对中华民族共同体的危害。同时,通过对北美亚裔族群的田野调查,说明西方族群是以“种族”为基础而不是以“文化认同”为基础形成的群体,并指出族群理论是一种脱离实际的唯心主义理论。此外,通过探讨西方族群理论的渊源及其变异原因,揭示西方政治和意识形态对于该理论的影响。因此,在铸牢中华民族共同体意识的过程中要谨防西方族群理论对民族研究的误导。The sense of community for the Chinese nation reflects the continuity,unity and inclusiveness of Chinese civilization,whereas the ethnic consciousness promoted by western"ethnicization"tends to be divisive and exclusive.Following the"two combinations",particularly the"second combination",that is combining the outstanding characteristics of Chinese civilization to recognize the fundamental difference between the sense of community for the Chinese nation and the consciousness of western ethnic groups,this paper attempts to identify the fundamental difference between Chinese ethnic minorities and western ethnic groups,and further recognize the harm of western"ethnicization"and ethnic consciousness to the community for the Chinese nation.At the same time,through the field studies on Asian ethnic groups in North America,it illustrates that the formation of western ethnic groups is based on"race"rather than on"cultural identity",and points out that the western ethnic theory is an out-of-reality theory of idealism.In addition,by discussing the source of western ethnic theory and its mutation,the paper explores the impact of western politics and ideology on the theory.Therefore,we must prevent the western ethnic theory from misleading our research on nationalities in the process of forging the strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.

关 键 词：“第二个结合” 中华民族 种族 族群 进化论 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]