二十世纪四十年代民族学界关于中华民族整体性的研究评析  

A Review of the Research on the Integrity of the Chinese Nation in the Ethnological Circle in the 1940s

作　　者：刘波儿[1] Liu Boer

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学马克思主义学院,南京市210023

出　　处：《民族研究》2024年第2期30-38,M0003,共10页Ethno-National Studies

基　　金：国家“十四五”规划重大工程《(新编)中国通史》纂修工程《中国民族史》卷、2023年度国家社会科学基金重大项目铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究专项“中华民族凝聚发展的路径与逻辑”(项目编号:23VMZ004);南京中医药大学高水平大学建设项目开放课题“道路自信:关于中华民族共同体建设的早期探索研究”(项目编号:2022XSX006)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：二十世纪四十年代,杨成志、芮逸夫等一批民族学研究者提出在承认多民族共存的基础上,通过加强族际关系研究,促进中华民族的整体性巩固,从而形成一个共同体国家的民族国家构建思路。李济、岑家梧等人则相继尝试对民族学的研究对象、路径与方法做出新的规界,试图将这些探索内化为学科理论建设的一部分。然而,在国民政府“宗族论”的制约下,民族学人建立在“多民族”基础上的建国方案没能得到政学两界的认可,而与中国共产党民族理论的疏离最终使他们陷入知识生产的困境。这段历史展示了近代中国民族理论建设的面貌,也为此后中国民族理论的推进铺垫了基础。相关历史经验与教训提示我们,学科发展必须扎根中国实际,讲好整体性话语。In the 1940s,a group of ethnological researchers such as Yang Chengzhi and Rui Yifu proposed that on the basis of recognizing the coexistence of multiple ethnic groups,building a nation with the sense of community should be promoted by strengthening the study of inter-ethnic relations and the consolidation of the integrity of the Chinese nation.Meanwhile,Li Ji,Cen Jiawu and other scholars attempted to create new boundaries on the research objects,paths and methods of ethnology,aiming to internalize these explorations into the theoretical construction of the discipline.However,under the constraints of the"clan theory"of the Nationalist Government,the ethnologists'plan for the establishment of the country based on"multi-ethnicity"was not accepted by both political and academic circles.Furthermore,their alienation from the ethnic theory of the Communist Party of China eventually led them into the dilemma of knowledge production.This historical episode shows the historical outlook of the construction of ethnic theory in modern China,and also lays the foundation for the advancement of ethnic theory in China in the future.Relevant historical experience and lessons remind us that the development of any discipline must be rooted in China's reality and effectively communicate the concept of unity.

关 键 词：中华民族 美中国民族学 整体性研究 理论建设 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]