公共就业服务何以缓解农民工就业质量代际差异:禀赋效应抑或结构效应?  

How Can Public Employment Services Mitigate Intergenerational Differences in the Employment Quality of Rural-to-Urban Migrant Workers:Endowment or Structural Effects?

作　　者：程名望[1] 李礼连 CHENG Ming-wang;LI Li-lian(School of Economics and Management,Tongji University,Shanghai,200092;School of Economics,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330013)

机构地区：[1]同济大学经济与管理学院,上海200092 [2]江西财经大学经济学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《江南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第3期71-87,共17页Journal of Jiangnan University：Humanities & Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“城乡融合视角下推进以人为核心的新型城镇化研究”(22AZD048)。

摘　　要：健全公共就业服务制度是落实就业优先战略的重要举措,对改善农民工就业质量和促进就业公平具有重要价值。文章基于2015-2020年上海市农民工市民化进程动态监测调查的5567个样本,实证分析了公共就业服务对农民工就业质量代际差异的影响及其作用机理。研究发现:公共就业服务显著提升了老一代和新生代农民工的就业质量,尤其是对老一代农民工的改善效果更加明显;职业介绍、职业指导、职业培训等不同类型的就业服务对老一代农民工就业质量的提升效果均显著高于新生代农民工,具有明显的代际差异。其次,公共就业服务对农民工就业质量的提升效果随着就业质量增加而衰减,尤其对就业质量偏低的老一代农民工的提升效果更显著,表明公共就业服务具有兜底效应。此外,公共就业服务的结构效应对农民工就业质量的代际差异具有明显的抑制作用,明显高于禀赋效应的促进作用,从而缩小就业质量的代际差异。该研究对于推动城乡融合发展以及共同富裕具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。Improving the public employment service system is an important measure to implement the employment priority strategy,which is of great value to improve the employment quality of rural-to-urban migrant workers and promote employment equity.Based on 5,567 samples from the 2015-2020 Shanghai Municipal Migrant Worker Citizenship Process Dynamic Monitoring Survey,the article empirically analyses the impact of public employment services(PES)on the intergenerational differences in the quality of employment of rural-to-urban migrant workers and its mechanism of action.The study found that:the PES significantly improved the employment quality of the older and the newer generations of rural-to-urban migrant workers,especially for the older generation;different types of employment services,such as employment introduction,vocational guidance,vocational training had significantly greater effects on the employment quality of the older generation than that of the newer generation,and there were obvious intergenerational differences.Secondly,the improvement effect of PES on the employment quality of rural-to-urban migrant workers decreases with the increase of employment quality,and it is especially significant for the old generation with low employment quality,indicating that public employment services have a bottoming-out effect.In addition,the structural effect of PES has a significant inhibitory effect on the intergenerational differences in the employment quality of rural-to-urban migrant workers,which is significantly higher than the promotional effect of the endowment effect,and thus reduces the intergenerational differences in employment quality.This study has an important theoretical value and practical significance to promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas as well as common prosperity.

关 键 词：公共就业服务 农民工 就业质量 代际差异 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济] F249.2