学龄前儿童2017—2022年生长发育状况及趋势分析  

Analysis of the growth and development status and trends of preschool children from 2017 to 2022

作　　者：朱意琼 刘丹梅 黎燕宁[1] 梁炎炎 梁凯琼 牛娜 ZHU Yiqiong;LIU Danmei;LI Yanning;LIANG Yanyan;LIANG Kaiqiong;NIU Na(School of Public Health,Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,China;Nanning Education System Kindergarten,Nanning 530011,China)

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学公共卫生学院,南宁530021 [2]南宁市教育系统幼儿园,南宁530011

出　　处：《广西医科大学学报》2024年第5期775-779,共5页Journal of Guangxi Medical University

摘　　要：目的:了解南宁市某医院学龄前儿童生长发育状况,为本地区进一步开展儿童保健工作提供科学依据。方法:回顾性分析2017—2022年南宁市某医院的学龄前儿童的体检相关资料,采用2006年WHO儿童生长标准作为评价标准计算Z评分,并用Z评分法(标准差的离差法)对学龄前儿童生长发育状况进行评价。采用χ^(2)检验和Cochran-Armitage趋势检验进行分析。结果:本次研究共纳入8 895名研究对象,其中男童4 860名(54.64%),女童4 035名(45.36%)。2017—2022年学龄前儿童低体重率和消瘦率分别从3.92%、3.03%下降到1.72%、1.19%。生长迟缓率、超重率和肥胖率变化不大,但各年份男童的超重率和肥胖率均高于女童。趋势检验显示2017-2022年儿童低体重、消瘦检出率呈下降趋势(低体重Z=-3.860,P<0.001;消瘦Z=-2.845,P=0.004);随着年龄的增长学龄前儿童的低体重率、消瘦率、超重率和肥胖率均呈现上升趋势(Z=4.081、2.631、3.104、3.098,均P<0.05),而生长发育迟缓率呈下降趋势(Z=-2.019,P=0.044)。结论:学龄前儿童生长发育状况总体较好,低体重率和消瘦率呈逐年下降趋势,超重率和肥胖率存在性别差异但各年份并没有明显变化,应关注学龄前儿童营养不良问题,尤其是男童的超重和肥胖问题。Objective:To understand the growth and development status of preschool children in a hospital in Nanning City,so as to provide a scientific basis for further development of child health care in the region.Methods:The physical examination data of preschool children in a hospital in Nanning City from 2017 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The Z-score was calculated using the 2006 WHO child growth criteria as the evaluation criterion.The growth and development status of preschool children were evaluated by Z-score method(standard deviation separation method).Chi-square test and Cochran-Armitage trend test were used for analysis.Results:A total of 8,895 subjects were included in this study,including 4,860 boys(54.64%)and 4,035 girls(45.36%).From 2017 to 2022,the underweight and wasting rates of preschool children were decreased from 3.92%and 3.03%to 1.72%and 1.19%,respectively.There was little change in the rates of stunted growth,overweight and obesity,but boys had higher rates of overweight and obesity than girls in all years.Trend test showed that preschool children had declining trends in underweight rate and wasting rate from 2017 to 2022(underweight Z=-3.860,P<0.001;wasting Z=-2.845,P=0.004).With the increase of age,the rate of underweight,wasting,overweight and obesity of preschool children showed an increasing trend(Z=4.081,2.631,3.104,3.098,all P<0.05),while the rate of stunted growth showed a decreasing trend(Z=-2.019,P=0.044).Conclusion:The growth and development of preschool children are generally good.The underweight rate and wasting rate show a decreasing trend year by year.There are gender differences in overweight and obesity rates but no significant changes from year to year.Attention should be paid to the malnutrition of preschool children,especially overweight and obesity in boys.

关 键 词：营养不良 生长发育 学龄前儿童 Z评分 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]