从行商到坐商:清代商民路票档案中的汉蒙民族交往交流交融  

From Itinerant Merchants to Sedentary Merchants:Interaction and Integration of Ethnic Han and Mongolian in the Commercial Road-Pass Archives of the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：珠飒 ZHU Sa(Yangtze Normal University,Chongqing 408100)

机构地区：[1]长江师范学院,重庆408100

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期154-164,共11页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目《清至民国时期内蒙古蒙汉民族交往交流交融研究》(项目编号:19FMZB001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清代商民路票档案,是汉蒙民族长期交往交流交融过程中形成的珍贵史料。商民路票档案中的商人身份、货物种类和商队成员信息,对研究清代汉蒙民族交往交流交融具有不可替代的历史价值。然而,至今尚未发现对其进行整理研究的论著,需要挖掘和利用。论文选取清代阿拉善和硕特旗境内商民路票档案,对商民改用蒙古名字现象进行历史性考察,分析了从行商向坐商转变的过程中表现出来的汉蒙民族交往交流交融的不同形式和内容,揭示了汉蒙民族在商业贸易领域交往交流交融的阶段性特征。商民在行商阶段改用蒙古名字,是商民在蒙古族人聚居地区生存和发展的需要,也是该阶段汉蒙民族交往交流交融的具体体现。在汉蒙贸易双方互相认同和接纳时,双方关系发生了根本性转变。蒙古族人开始学会经商,出现汉蒙民众合伙经营贸易的新形式。早期商民的蒙古化和蒙古族人日趋汉化的现象,都是汉蒙民族之间的相互认同和相互交融的表现。The commercial road-pass archives of the Qing Dynasty are precious historical materials left from the long-term interaction and integration process between ethnic Han and Mongolian people.The merchants'identities,types of goods,and information about caravan members in these archives have irreplaceable historical value for studying the interaction and integration of the ethnic Han and Mongolian during the Qing Dynasty.However,no works have been found to organize and research these archives,which thus require further exploration and utilization.This paper selects the commercial road-pass archives of merchants in Alxa and Shuote Banner during the Qing Dynasty,conducts a historical investigation on the phenomenon of merchants changing their names to Mongolian names.The article then makes analysis on the different forms and contents of ethnic Mongolian-Han interaction,exchange and integration manifested during the transition from itinerant to sedentary merchants,so as to reveal the stage characteristics of interaction and integration of ethnic Han and Mongolian in the field of commercial trade.Merchants changing to Mongolian names during the itinerant merchant stage is a necessity for their survival and development in the ethnic Mongolian residential area and a specific manifestation of,exchange,communication and integration of the Han and Mongolian at this stage.When the Han and Mongolian mutually identified with each other in trade,their relationship underwent a fundamental transformation.The Mongolians began to learn about commerce,and a new form of Mongolian-Han joint operation in trade emerged.The Mongolianization of early merchants and the increasing sinicization of Mongolians are demonstrations of mutual identification and integration between the Han and Mongolian people.

关 键 词：商民 路票档案 汉蒙民族 交往交流交融 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学]