马克思剥削理论的“活动力”主题及其论域  

The Theme of the"Activity"within Marx's Theory of Exploitation and Its Theoretical Domain

作　　者：邹诗鹏[1] 赖诗奇 ZoU Shipeng;LAI Shiqi

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院 [2]复旦大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《社会科学》2024年第6期45-53,共9页Journal of Social Sciences

摘　　要：对剥削理论的“活动力”主题及其理论论域的探索,体现了马克思不断根据现实考察的深入而主动调整视野路向的过程。以活动的哲学逻辑“下降”为起点,马克思在“去观念化”浪潮中触摸莱茵省的物质现实。尔后,随着市民社会批判和政治批判的深入,超越“捡枯枝的审判”和“退回地下室”等活动表现,马克思分析了“物质利益难题”的社会结构机理,以对抗性为导向展开剥削批判。在剥削理论里,被剥夺者的新活动模式是关键的分析对象。从“让”与“退”的个案,到“手停,口停”的普遍化,马克思借助政治经济学批判,从资本主义生产方式层面拓展了剥削理论的面向,在“停”与剩余的矛盾分析里看到了二者之间的张力,确证了抵达“人的解放”终极目的的实践可能。“活动力”凝练了马克思剥削理论的基本关切,展示了马克思剥削理论的超越性和独特性,是其人类解放思想的重要内涵。The exploration of the theme of"activity"within exploitation theory and its theoretical domain exemplifies Marx's continuous adjustment of his perspective and direction through in-depth examinations of reality.Commencing with the philosophical logic of"descent"into activity,Marx engaged with the material reality of the Rhineland province amidst the wave of"de-ideologization".Subsequently,as civil society and political criticism deepened,Marx transcended superficial forms of activity such as mere"judgment of picking up dead branches"or"retreating to the basement",and delved into an analysis of the social structural mechanisms underlying the"problem of material interests",thus launching a critique of exploitation guided by antagonism.In the realm of exploitation theory,the novel modes of activity exhibited by the deprived became pivotal objects of scrutiny.From isolated case studies of"stop"and"retreat"to the broader adoption of"living from hand to mouth",Marx,through the lens of political economy critique,broadened the scope of exploitation theory beyond the confines of the capitalist mode of production.Within this analysis of contradictions,tensions between"stoppage"and surplus emerged,affirming the potential for achieving the ultimate goal of"human liberation"through practical engagement.The concept of"activity"succinctly captures the fundamental concerns of Marx's exploitation theory,showcasing its transcendence and uniqueness,while also underscoring its profound implications for human emancipation.

关 键 词：剥削理论 活动力 被剥夺的活动 个案与普遍化 理论史 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]