家庭主义文化视域下乡村道德生活的转型与变迁——以西北地区G镇农村为例  

Transformation and Changes of Rural Moral Life Under the View of Familism Culture:A Case Studyof the Rural Area of G Town in Northwest China

作　　者：田毅鹏[1] 寇凯亮 TIAN Yipeng;KOU Kailiang

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学社会学院

出　　处：《社会科学》2024年第6期156-170,共15页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“东亚乡村振兴社会政策比较研究”(项目编号:18ZDA119)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在推进乡村振兴的政策实践中,农村社会的道德文化建设无疑是重要的面相。在历史上持续而充满韧性的家庭主义文化已化作一种积淀厚重的传统,形塑了中国农民社会行动的基本样貌。改革开放以来,市场因素在农村的道德生活变迁中起到了基础性的作用,产业市场的特性对农民的社会交往产生深刻影响,市场机制的推进使农民的社交关系呈现出人情互惠与契约交易交错的情形,增进了彼此的利益,塑造了理性的道德规范。在激烈的市场竞争以及家庭主义文化影响下,缺少横向合作的农民倾向于以竞争方式谋求家庭间的比较优势,利益纠纷与比较心态使农民的社会交往遭遇了日渐疏远的道德危机。而家庭主义在市场化转型过程中与发展主义的高度契合,在很大程度上改变了村落传统的道德舆论结构,个人发展利益借由家庭单位得到道德认同。市场机制有利于解决因资源分配引发的家庭道德困境,而资源向后代倾斜的家庭主义文化则在农村得到进一步强化,后代发展与家庭整体利益相统一,促进了家庭内部的团结合作,进而使家庭道德结构实现了新的平衡,不过现实的发展压力也有撕裂家庭道德生活的可能。In the policy practice of promoting rural revitalization,the moral and cultural construction of rural society is undoubtedly the most important aspect.Historically,the continuous and resilient culture of familism has shaped the social actions of Chinese peasants as an accumulated tradition.Since the reform and opening up,marketization factors have played a fundamental role in the change of moral life in rural areas,and the characteristics of the industrial market have imposed a profound impact on peasants'social interactions.The advancement of the market mechanism has made the farmers'social relations show a mixture of reciprocity and contractual dealings,which enhances mutual interests and shapes rational moral norms.However,under the influence of fierce market competition and the culture of familism,farmers who lack horizontal cooperation tend to seek comparative advantages among families in a competitive way,and disputes over interests and comparative mentality make peasants'social interactions suffer from the moral crisis of distance and alienation.In the process of marketization and transformation,familyism has increased the connotation of developmentalism,which has largely changed the traditional moral opinion structure of villages,and the interests of individual development have been morally recognized through the family unit.At the same time,the market mechanism is conducive to solving family moral dilemmas triggered by the distribution of resources,while the culture of familism,in which resources are tilted towards future generations,has been strengthened in the villages,and the unification of the developmental interests of future generations with the interests of the family as a whole promotes the solidarity and cooperation within the family,which in turn leads to the realization of a new balance in the family's moral structure,although the reality of the developmental pressures also has the potential to tear apart the moral life of the family.

关 键 词：家庭主义 市场化 乡村道德转型 社会交往 

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