可接受风险理念下行政规制的法律改革  

Legal Reform of Administrative Regulation with the Concept of Acceptable Risk

作　　者：宋华琳[1] 邹志 SONG Hualin;ZOU Zhi

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院

出　　处：《社会科学》2024年第6期182-192,共11页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“突发重大公共卫生事件防控的法治体系研究”(项目编号:20&ZD188)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在晚近的国家治理中,风险规制日益成为政府工作的核心目标之一。安全保障与风险预防固然是重要的法律价值,但在公共卫生、环境等领域,行政对社会风险的过度预防,可能导致规制政策的成本收益失衡,甚至过度限制个体权利,进而影响经济社会发展。为避免行政规制落入“泛安全化陷阱”,亟需在行政规制的法律改革中引入可接受风险的理念,并将可接受风险水平作为行政规制的限度。将可接受风险理念法理化,既具有宪法根据,也有私法基础。在可接受风险理念的指引下,行政机关应当被定位为社会风险管理的辅助者,并且负有积极协助市场主体追求公共利益的职责。在制度层面落实可接受风险理念,需要在规制立法中构建风险分级分类监管制度,健全“受规制的自我规制”体系,并进一步完善风险交流制度。In recent national governance,risk regulation has increasingly become one of the central objectives of governmental efforts.While safety and risk prevention are important legal values,excessive administrative prevention of social risks in areas such as public health and the environment may lead to an imbalance in the cost-benefit ratio of regulatory policies,or even excessive restrictions on individual rights,thereby affecting economic and social development.In order to avoid administrative regulation falling into"the pan-safety trap",it is urgent to introduce the concept of acceptable risk into the legal reform of administrative regulation,and take the acceptable risk level as the limit of administrative regulation.The legalization of the concept of acceptable risk has both a constitutional and private law basis.With the concept of acceptable risk,the administration should be positioned as a facilitator of social risk management and have a duty to actively assist market players in the pursuit of the public interest.The implementation of the concept of acceptable risk at the institutional level requires the construction of risk classification and hierarchical regulation in regulatory legislation,development of a system of"regulated self-regulation",and further improvement of risk communication systems.

关 键 词：可接受风险 行政规制 风险规制 自我规制 风险交流 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]