“印太战略”框架下美国的印度洋战略认知与策略选择  

The United States'Strategic Cognition and Policy Choices in the Indian Ocean Under the Indo-Pacific Strategy'Framework

作　　者：吴俊 Wu Jun

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学国际政治经济学院

出　　处：《南亚研究季刊》2024年第2期1-20,156,共21页South Asian Studies Quarterly

摘　　要：随着美国全球战略重心的调整,美国对印度洋的战略价值进行了再评估与再定位。美国不再把印度洋的能源与商业通道价值当作利益关注的优先项,而是更加重视其服务于地缘竞争的工具性价值,即汇聚印度洋的力量向太平洋方向合流以抑制中国影响力的延伸。为更好地适配“印太战略”以应对中国挑战,美国对印度洋战略进行了方向性调整,其战略目标调整回印度洋地区秩序领导权的强化,战略重点转向至应对“中国威胁”,合作思路切换至“美国+关键国家”的小多边模式。当下,美国主要通过深耕印度锚点、强化盟友关系基点、培育中小国家合作增长点、稳固海上优势作为支撑点来落实其战略规划。然而,美国这剂“药方”的落实与效用仍受到诸多现实挑战,其战略的限制性因素也显而易见。虽然美国通过“印太”概念将印度洋的战略地位提升至与太平洋相当的位置,但它长时间内只能是美国战略安排的次要方向。鉴于此,中美在印度洋博弈的方式将远比在西太平洋的温和。As the United States adjusts its global strategic priority,it has re-evaluated and redefined the strategic importance of the Indian Ocean.The U.S.emphasizes the geostrategic value of consolidating the power of the Indian Ocean to converge towards the Pacific,aiming to curb China's influence.To better align with the"Indo-Pacific Strategy"and address the challenges posed by China,the U.S.has made directional adjustments to its strategic goals,priorities,and cooperation model in the Indian Ocean.Currently,the U.S.is implementing its strategic plans by deepening its anchor in India,strengthening its base with allies,fostering cooperation growth points with small and medium-sized countries,and solidifying its maritime dominance as key supports.However,the.implementation and effectiveness of United States’prescription face numerous practical challenges.Although the U.S.has elevated the strategic status of the:Indian Ocean to a level comparable to the Pacific through the"Indo-Pacific"concept,it will remain a secondary focus in U.S.strategic planning for a long time.Consequently,the U.S.-China competition in the Indian Ocean is expected to be far less intense than in the W estern P acific.

关 键 词：中美战略博弈 印度洋战略 印太战略 中美关系 

分 类 号：D871.20[政治法律—政治学]