三曹乐府游仙诗道教仙传叙事的文学意义  

The Literary Significance of Taoist Immortal Narrative in the Poems of San CAO’s Yue-fu

作　　者：阳清 YANG Qing(School of History and Administration,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming,Yunnan,650500)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学历史与行政学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第3期27-36,共10页Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences

摘　　要：作为建安诗歌的组成部分,曹操《秋胡行》、曹丕《折杨柳行》以及曹植《飞龙篇》虽在创作背景和撰写时间上各不相同,但均以“人仙遇合”为故事构架来参与文学演绎,在乐府游仙诗中显得别具一格。以上述作品为中心,可见三曹乐府游仙诗从两汉的“刻画神仙形象”“描摹仙界场景”走向“叙述遇仙故事”,让帝王贵族的“求仙”意识尤其是“咏怀”经验得以个性发挥,由此提供了更多的启发性和可能性,推动了中古游仙诗的发展进程。三曹乐府游仙诗之所以出现道教仙传叙事,除了受到战国两汉以来神仙思潮的影响,还缘于道教传记知识体系特别是综合性仙传《列仙传》反复渲染的神仙故事,为相关创作提供了宗教基础和叙事范型,其文学意义则是为证实道教小说的演进历程做出了特殊贡献。乐府游仙诗与道教仙传叙事的融合共生,非常适时地发生于建安时代,此或是文学史与宗教史发展的必然结果。As a component of Jian’an poetry,CAO Cao’s Qiu Hu,CAO Pi’s Breaking Willows,and CAO Zhi’s Flying Dragon had different creative backgrounds and writing times,but they all participated in literary interpretation based on the story structure of“meeting between humans and immortals”,which were unique in Yue-fu Poetry about immortals.Taking the above works as the center,it could be seen that San CAO’s Yue-fu about immortals had evolved from“depicting the image of immortals”and“depicting the scenes of the immortal world”in the Han Dynasty to“narrating the stories of encountering immortals”,allowed the imperial and noble consciousness of“seeking immortals”,especially the experience of“expressing aspirations”,to be personalized.This provided more inspiration and possibilities,and promoted the development process of poetry about immortals in middle ages.The reason why Taoist immortal narrative in San CAO’s Yue-fu Poetry,was not only due to the influence of the trend of immortality since the Warring States and Han dynasties,but also because the Taoist biographical knowledge system,especially the comprehensive biographies of Taoist immortals Immortal Biography,repeatedly portrayed immortal stories,provided a religious foundation and narrative model for related creations.Its literary significance was to make special contributions to verifying the evolution of Taoist novels.The fusion and symbiosis of Yue-fu poetry about immortals and Taoist immortal narrative occurred very timely in the Jian’an era,which may be an inevitable result of the development of literary and religious history.

关 键 词：三曹 乐府游仙诗 道教仙传 《秋胡行》 《折杨柳行》 《飞龙篇》 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]