西宁市公共场所空气中5种化学污染物健康风险评估  

Health risk assessment of five chemical pollutants in the air of public places,Xining City

作　　者：王燕青 吉秀亮 WANG Yan-qing;JI Xiu-liang(Department of Public Health,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai 810000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]青海大学医学部公共卫生系,青海西宁810000 [2]青海省疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第12期2159-2163,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：青海省科协中青年科技人才托举工程(2021QHSKXRCTJ21)。

摘　　要：目的 了解并评估西宁市公共场所室内空气中甲醛、氨、苯、甲苯、二甲苯5种常见化学污染物的健康风险,为西宁市公共场所环境卫生管理提供技术支持。方法 2020—2022年在西宁市城西区和城中区设置监测点,监测酒店和理发店常见化学污染物数据,并根据《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》(WS/T 777-2021)对化学污染物进行健康风险评估。结果 2020—2022年宾馆共设有监测点238个,仅2个甲醛监测点超标,宾馆甲醛总合格率为99.16%,宾馆的苯、甲苯、二甲苯总合格率均为100%。理发店共设有47个监测点,各监测点甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氨总合格率均为100%。理发店的室内空气中苯浓度(0.001 mg/m^(3))低于宾馆(酒店)(0.002 mg/m^(3)),差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.708,P<0.05)。理发店共47个监测点中有23个监测点风险介于10^(-4)~10^(-6)之间,占比48.9%,其余风险值高于10^(-4),宾馆共238个监测点中有154个监测点风险介于10^(-4)~10^(-6)之间,占比64.7%,其余风险值高于10^(-4);理发店有34个监测点的风险小于10^(-6),占比72.3%,宾馆有138个监测点风险小于10^(-6),占比58%,二者的P75和最大值浓度的风险值均大于10^(-6)。宾馆甲醛有150个监测点HQ>1,占63%,风险值最大为3.6;苯有2个监测点HQ>1,占0.8%,风险最大值1.08;甲苯和二甲苯的所有HQ均小于1。理发店甲醛有31个监测点HQ>1,占66%,风险值最大为3.72;其余污染物HQ均小于1。结论 西宁市2020—2022年公共场所空气中5种化学污染物浓度基本符合国标要求,但甲醛和苯引起的致癌风险和非致癌风险应重点关注。Objective To understand and assess the health risks of five common chemical pollutants,formaldehyde,ammonia,benzene,toluene and xylene,in indoor air of public places in Xining City,and to provide technical support for environmental health management of public places in Xining City.Methods From 2020 to 2022,monitoring sites were set up in the western and central districts of Xining City to monitor the data of common chemical pollutants in hotels and barbershops,and conduct health risk assessment of chemical pollutants according to the Technical Guide for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances(WS/T 777-2021).Results From 2020 to 2022,there were 238 monitoring points in the hotel,only 2 formaldehyde monitoring points exceeded the standard.The total qualified rate of formaldehyde in the hotel was 99.16%,and the total qualified rate of benzene,toluene and xylene in the hotel was 100%.There are 47 monitoring points in barbershop,and the total pass rate of formaldehyde,benzene,toluene,xylene and ammonia at each monitoring point is 100%.The concentration of benzene in indoor air in barbershop(0.001 mg/m^(3))was lower than that in hotel(0.002 mg/m^(3)),and the difference was statistically significant(Z=-2.708,P<0.05).Among 47 monitoring points in barbershop,23 monitoring points had a risk between 10^(-4) and 10^(-6),accounting for 48.9%,and the rest had a risk value higher than 10^(-4);Among 238 monitoring points in hotel,154 monitoring points had a risk between 10^(-4) and 10^(-6),accounting for 64.7%,and the rest had a risk value higher than 10^(-4);There were 34 monitoring sites in barbershop with risk less than 10^(-6),accounting for 72.3%,and 138 monitoring sites in hotel with risk less than 10^(-6),accounting for 58%.The risk values of P75 and maximum concentration of both sites were greater than 10^(-6).Hotel formaldehyde has 150 monitoring points HQ>1,accounting for 63%,the maximum risk value is 3.6;There were two monitoring points for benzene with HQ>1,accounting for 0.8%,and the maximum risk

关 键 词：公共场所 化学污染物 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]