合肥市2018—2022年大气PM_(2.5)中金属和类金属元素来源解析及健康风险评价  

Source apportionment and health risk assessment of metal and metalloid elements in PM_(2.5)in Hefei,2018-2022

作　　者：宋晓琼[1] 李建伟[1] 李四生[1] 葛成相[1] 李昌安[1] SONG Xiao-qiong;LI Jian-wei;LI Si-sheng;GE Cheng-xiang;LI Chang-an(Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hefei,Anhui 230061,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥市疾病预防控制中心,安徽合肥230061

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第12期2164-2168,2187,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：合肥市卫生健康应用医学研究项目(Hwk2022zc047)。

摘　　要：目的了解合肥市大气PM_(2.5)中金属和类金属污染水平,分析其来源和评估对人群健康影响。方法利用石英滤膜采集2018—2022年合肥市大气PM_(2.5),利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定石英滤膜中铝(Al)、铬(Cr)锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、砷(As)、硒(Se)、镉(Cd)、锑(Sb)、铊(Tl)、铅(Pb)等10种金属和类金属元素含量;采用相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析方法进行污染来源解析;利用健康风险模型评估4种致癌元素As、Cd、Cr、Ni和5种非致癌元素Pb、Mn、Se、Al、Sb污染对人群健康的影响。结果合肥市大气PM_(2.5)中10种金属和类金属元素含量的年平均浓度为Al>Pb>Mn>As>Se>Sb>Ni>Cr>Cd>Tl,各元素平均浓度呈冬春高、夏秋低的季节性变化,大部分元素年度平均浓度呈逐年下降趋势;污染来源分为包括燃煤、交通和工业生产的混合污染源、以地壳元素Al元素为代表的自然源和工业活动污染源三种;致癌和非致癌元素经呼吸途径对暴露人群的年均超额危险度在4.22×10^(-15)~1.67×10^(-7)之间,较人群可接受的危险度水平(10^(-6))低。结论合肥市PM_(2.5)中被测元素主要来源有混合污染源、工业污染源以及自然源三类,9种元素的年均超额危险度远低于可接受的危险度水平(小于10^(-6)),均处于可接受水平。Objective To understand the air pollution level,to analyze the source apportionment of metals and metalloids in PM_(2.5)and to evaluate its health risk in the city of Hefei.Methods The concentration of 10 elements(As,Cd,Cr,Ni,Pb,Mn,Se,Al and Sb)in PM_(2.5)samples was collected in Hefei city from January 2018 to December 2022,which was used to analyze the pollution level and source apportionment was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS).Correlation analysis,principal components analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze the sources of metals and metalloids.A health risk assessment model was used to evaluate the health risk of population of 4 carcinogenic elements(As,Cd,Cr,Ni)and 5 non-carcinogenicelements(Pb,Mn,Se,Al,Sb).Results The total average concentration of 10 elements in PM_(2.5)was in an order of Al>Pb>Mn>As>Se>Sb>Ni>Cr>Cd>Tl and presented an obvious seasonal variation characteristic,higher in winter and spring,lower in summer and autumn.The mixed sources of coal burning,traffic and industry,dust and industrial emissions sources were the main sources of metals and metalloids in ambient PM_(2.5)in Hefei.The respiratory pathway exposures of these elements assessed by annual excess risk were between 1.67×10^(-7)and 4.22×10^(-15),which were below the acceptable risk level of population(10^(-6)).Conclusion The main sources of metals in Hefei are mixed sources,soil dust sources and industrial sources.The respiratory pathway exposures of most of the elements assessed by annual excess risk are below the acceptable risk level of population.

关 键 词：ICP-MS 金属和类金属 大气污染 PM_(2.5) 来源解析 

分 类 号：R122.7[医药卫生—环境卫生学]