中国2012—2021年婴儿因围生期疾病死亡流行特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of infant deaths due to perinatal diseases in China, 2012-2021

作　　者：庹安写 孔维森 李兵[3] 郑巧艺 TUO An-xie;KONG Wei-sen;LI Bing;ZHENG Qiao-yi(School of Medical Humanities,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang,Guizhou 561113,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学医学人文学院,贵州贵阳561113 [2]贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院 [3]贵州大学 [4]福建泉州洛江外国语学校小学部

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第12期2193-2197,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：贵州省2022年省级大学生创新创业项目(S202210660063);贵州省卫健委2023年科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2023-476)。

摘　　要：目的 了解中国2012—2021年婴儿因围生期疾病死亡的流行特征及趋势,为相关预防措施和政策制定提供参考依据。方法 对《中国死因监测数据集》中的2012—2021年0岁组婴儿因围生期疾病死亡资料进行描述流行病学分析,采用Joinpoint回归模型分析死亡率的平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)。结果 2012—2021年中国0岁组婴儿因围生期疾病死亡率总体呈下降趋势(AAPC=-11.89,P<0.001)。男婴、女婴、城市婴儿、农村婴儿因围生期疾病死亡率总体均呈下降趋势(AAPC分别为-11.73%、-11.98%、-18.70%、-18.50%)。男婴因围生期疾病年均死亡率(1.79‰)高于女婴(1.36‰)(χ^(2)=776.474,P<0.001),农村婴儿因围生期疾病年均死亡率(1.55‰)高于城市婴儿(0.46‰)(χ^(2)=75.394,P≤0.001)。“出生低体重、出生产伤和窒息、其他”是因围生期疾病的主要死因构成,2012—2021年死亡率均呈下降趋势(AAPC分别为-14.10%、-11.10%、-9.60%,P<0.001)。结论 中国0岁组婴儿因围生期疾病死亡率2012—2021年总体呈下降趋势,但因围生期疾病导致的死亡情况依然严峻。城乡差距明显,应重点关注男婴和农村婴儿围生期预防保健工作。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and trends of infant deaths due to perinatal diseases in China from 2012 to 2021,in order to provide a reference for the development of related prevention measures and policies.Methods An epidemiological analysis was conducted on the data of infant deaths due to perinatal diseases from 0-year-old group in the"Chinese Cause of Death Surveillance Dataset"for the years 2012-2021.The average annual percent change(AAPC)in mortality rates was analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model.Results The overall mortality rate of infants due to perinatal diseases in China showed a downward trend from 2012 to 2021(AAPC=-11.89,P<0.001).A declining trend was observed in both male and female infants,as well as urban and rural infants,with AAPCs of-11.73%,-11.98%,-18.70%,and-18.50%,respectively.There was a turning point in the trend for urban infants(APC=-5.20,P=0.124 for 2012-2016 and APC=-18.70,P<0.001 for 2016-2021).The annual average mortality rate due to perinatal diseases was higher in male infants(1.79 per thousand)than in female infants(1.36 per thousand)(χ^(2)=776.474,P<0.001),and higher in rural infants(1.55 per thousand)than in urban infants(0.46 per thousand)(χ^(2)=75.394,P<0.001).The overall mortality rates of"low birth weight,birth trauma and asphyxia,and others"showed a downward trend(AAPCs of-14.10%,-11.10%,and-9.60%,respectively,P<0.001),with differences between urban and rural areas observed in all three perinatal diseases(P<0.001 for each).Conclusion The mortality rate of infants due to perinatal diseases in China shows a general downward trend from 2012 to 2021,but the situation of deaths caused by perinatal diseases remains severe.The gap between urban and rural areas is significant,and priority should be given to the perinatal preventive health care of male infants and rural infants.

关 键 词：围生期疾病 死亡率 流行病学研究 回归分析 0岁组婴儿 

分 类 号：R174.1[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]