日本电气化铁道雷害对策及相关研究进展综述  

Summary of Lightning Damage Countermeasures and Related Research Progress of Electrified Railways in Japan

作　　者：何德鹏 HE Depeng(Office of the Chief Engineer,China Railway Nanning Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路南宁局集团有限公司总工程师室,南宁530029

出　　处：《电瓷避雷器》2024年第3期85-95,共11页Insulators and Surge Arresters

摘　　要：自电气化铁道建设以来,铁路运营受到雷害的影响最为严重,也是现如今一直未解决的难题。为了减少电气设备遭受雷击而导致设备的故障率和保障铁路运输的安全可靠性,早期已有研究者针对日本电气化铁道电气设备遭雷害进行了研究并制定相应的防雷对策。同时,防雷方面的研究一直受到诸多国家铁路运营部门的高度重视。但随着接触网结构的变化、钢管柱逐渐替代混凝土支柱、供变电及信号设备的电子化等电气设备技术的革新,以及雷电观测技术持续更新和雷击过电压仿真程序的高度精细化,雷害对策也需进行完善。因此,笔者就针对日本电气化铁道雷害对策深入分析并提出细化策略,结合雷电观测及雷电浪涌仿真程序,雷害对策图、雷击密度图和自主研发的VSTL仿真软件等辅助科技手段,综合考虑技术与经济效益,谋求更适合本公司的防雷对策,探究雷害对策的效果评价,不断完善有关防雷设计内容,实现精准防雷效果。Since the construction of electrified railway,railway operation has been most seriously affected by lightning damage,which has been a difficult problem to solve today.In order to reduce the failure rate of electrical equipment caused by lightning and ensure the safety and reliability of railway transportation,early researchers studied the lightning damage of electrical equipment of Japanese electrified railway and formulated corresponding lightning protection countermeasures.At the same time,the research on lightning protection has been highly valued by many national railway operation departments.However,with the change of catenary structure,the concrete column replaced by steel pipe column,and the innovation of electrical equipment technology such as the electronization of power supply and transformation and signal equipment,the continuous renewal of lightning observation technology and the high refinement of lightning overvoltage simulation program,the lightning damage countermeasures also need to be improved.Therefore,the author makes an in-depth analysis on the lightning damage countermeasures of Japanese electrified railways and puts forward detailed strategies.Combined with auxiliary scientific and technological means such as lightning observation and lightning surge simulation program,lightning damage countermeasure diagram,lightning density diagram and independently developed VSTL simulation software,the author comprehensively considers technical and economic benefits,seeks lightning protection countermeasures more suitable for our company,explores the effect evaluation of lightning damage countermeasures,and constantly improves the relevant lightning protection design contents,achieving accurate lightning protection effect.

关 键 词：电气化铁道 雷害分析 雷害对策 直流牵引供电系统 交流牵引供电系统 通信信号系统 VSTL仿真软件 

分 类 号：U229[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] TM863[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]