激光辅助铣削过程的预热温度场调控方法研究  

Controlling Strategy of Preheating Temperature Field in Laser-assisted Machining Process

作　　者：刘鑫[1] 张俊[1] 徐斌斌[1] 刘弘光[1] 赵万华[1] LIU Xin;ZHANG Jun;XU Binbin;LIU Hongguang;ZHAO Wanhua(State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710054)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学精密微纳制造技术全国重点实验室,西安710054

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2024年第9期218-228,共11页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：航空发动机及燃气轮机基础科学中心(P2022-AB-IV-001-002);国家自然科学基金(52305505);陕西省重点研发计划(2023-YBGY-382);陕西高校青年创新团队资助项目

摘　　要：激光辅助加工(Laser-assisted machining, LAM)通过激光热源对工件待切削区域进行预热,提高难加工材料可加工性,从而在减小切削力的同时提高加工效率。其中,激光加载下的预热温度场控制是LAM的核心科学问题之一。通过对实际激光器输出光束质量的定量与定式表征,构建移动激光热源加载下的温度场解析求解式,并以激光辅助面铣下切削区域温度场均布为目标,提出激光扫描预热温度场均衡控制方法。依据激光扫描预热方法,搭建温度场测试实验台,通过表面与内部测温验证激光预热温度场求解的准确性。进而开展预热温度场优化前后的激光辅助铣削加工与传统铣削加工,对比三种工况下的铣削力特征与已加工表面粗糙度,结果表明温度场均衡控制下可有效降低铣削力10%以上,降低表面粗糙度30%,且能进一步提升已加工表面质量。综上所述,提出的激光预热温度场正向调控方法可有效调控激光热影响区温度,并为激光参数主动设计提供理论指导,在难加工材料的激光辅助加工中有广阔应用前景。Laser-assisted machining(LAM)is an advanced technique to machine difficult-to-cut materials through laser preheating of local zones,which can reduce cutting forces and improve machining efficiency.In order to obtain the best machinability,one of the most important factors is to control the preheating temperature field.By quantitative and formula characterization of the actual output laser beam quality,an analytical model is adopted to characterize the temperature field induced by the moving laser source.Following,a controlling strategy is proposed for adapting the moving path of laser source to obtain the uniform distribution of temperature field in the cutting area of face-milling,which is then validated against the experimental data by surface and internal temperature.Furthermore,cutting tests under laser-assisted conditions and conventional conditions are performed to analyze the alterations of machinability induced by different machining techniques.Cutting forces and surface roughness are used for the analyses,and the results show that the milling forces can be effectively reduced by more than 10%and the surface roughness can be reduced by 30%with the implementation of the proposed controlling strategy,which further improves the machined surface quality.In summary,the proposed controlling strategy of preheating temperature field can effectively regulate the temperature of heat affected zone,which provides theoretical guidance for the active design of laser parameters,and have broad application prospects in the laser-assisted machining of difficult-to-cut materials.

关 键 词：激光辅助铣削 温度场 参数优化 铣削力 表面粗糙度 

分 类 号：TH161[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]