高品质超大深径比小孔电火花电解复合加工实验研究  

Experimental Study on EDM ECM Hybrid Processes of High-quality Small Hole with Super Depth-diameter Ratio

作　　者：岳晓明 臧烁 赵永华 刘为东 尹瀛月 张勤河[1,2] YUE Xiaoming;ZANG Shuo;ZHAO Yonghua;LIU Weidong;YIN Yingyue;ZHANG Qinhe(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shandong University,Jinan 250061;Key Laboratory of High-efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture,Ministry of Education,Shandong University,Jinan 250061;Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055;College of Aeronautical Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300;Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research,Jinan 250031;Department of Mechanical Engineering,Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),Jinan 250353)

机构地区：[1]山东大学机械工程学院,济南250061 [2]山东大学高效洁净机械制造教育部重点实验室,济南250061 [3]南方科技大学机械与能源工程系,深圳518055 [4]中国民航大学航空工程学院,天津300300 [5]山东省机械设计研究院,济南250031 [6]齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院)机械工程学院,济南250353

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2024年第9期374-382,共9页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划青年科学家(2021YFF0501700);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023ME222)资助项目。

摘　　要：传统加工方法在难加工材料超大深径比小孔加工时面临巨大挑战,目前电火花加工依然是难加工材料深小孔加工最有效的方法之一,但存在加工表面质量差等问题。电解加工具有加工表面质量高等优点,但在深小孔加工效率和精度上不及电火花加工,因此将上述两种方法复合是实现深小孔高效高质高精加工最有效的方法。将低浓度盐酸工作液应用于电火花电解复合加工超大深径比小孔,实验表明低浓度盐酸工作液的加工效率和加工精度均优于传统中性工作液。为了提高超大深径比小孔的加工精度和加工表面质量,提出工具电极结构化绝缘方法,通过工艺参数实验优化实现了超大深径比小孔(深径比>50:1)的高质高精加工,本方法在难加工材料高品质超大深径比小孔加工中具有广阔的应用前景。Traditional machining methods face great challenges when machining small holes with super depth-diameter ratio on difficult to machine materials.At present,electrical discharge machining(EDM)is still one of the most effective methods for machining deep holes on difficult to machine materials,but there are some problems such as poor surface quality.Electrochemical machining(ECM)has the advantage of high surface quality,but it is not as efficient and accurate as EDM in deep hole machining.Therefore,combining EDM and ECM is the most effective way to achieve high efficiency,high quality and high precision machining of deep holes.This study applies low concentration hydrochloric acid electrolytic-dielectrics to EDM ECM hybrid processes.The experimental results confirmed that this electrolytic-dielectrics was superior to traditional neutral electrolytic-dielectrics in terms of machining efficiency and accuracy.To improve the machining accuracy and surface quality of small holes with super depth-diameter ratio simultaneously,this study proposes a method of partial insulation tool electrode.A high-quality and high-precision machining of small holes with super depth-diameter ratio(>50:1)through process parameter optimization is obtained.This method has broad application prospects in the processing of small holes with super depth-diameter ratio in difficult to machine materials.

关 键 词：电火花电解复合加工 酸性工作液 超大深径比小孔 加工表面质量 

分 类 号：TG661[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]