海三棱藨草基因型多样性对种群营养生长和繁殖策略的影响  

Effects of genotypic diversity on vegetative growth and reproductive strategies of Scirpus mariqueter population

作　　者：吴乐婕 刘泽康 田星 张群 李博[1] 吴纪华[1] Lejie Wu;Zekang Liu;Xing Tian;Qun Zhang;Bo Li;Jihua Wu(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering,National Observations and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary,School of Life Science,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438;Research Center for Ecology,Tibet University-Fudan University Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity and Global Change,College of Science,Tibet University,Lhasa 850000;Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning,Shanghai 200232)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学生命科学学院,生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,上海长江河口湿地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,上海200438 [2]西藏大学理学院生态学研究中心,西藏大学-复旦大学生物多样性与全球变化联合实验室,拉萨850000 [3]上海市园林科学规划研究院,上海200232

出　　处：《生物多样性》2024年第4期1-12,共12页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2601100);国家自然科学基金(32030067)。

摘　　要：遗传多样性可提高种群生产力,然而遗传多样性如何综合影响植物的营养生长、有性繁殖和无性繁殖特性及分配策略缺乏充分关注,而植物生长繁殖的响应往往会决定一个种群未来的发展动态。本研究以中国滨海湿地植物海三棱藨草(Scirpus mariqueter)为材料,通过建立1、2、4和8个基因型多样性梯度的同密度实验,测定植物生物量以及营养生长、有性繁殖和无性繁殖相关特性,探究了基因型多样性对种群营养生长和繁殖策略的影响。结果表明,基因型多样性的增加显著提升了海三棱藨草种群的地上、地下生物量和株高。基因型多样性不影响有性繁殖,但显著提高了无性繁殖能力。球茎数、球茎生物量和无性系分株数均随基因型多样性的增加呈显著增加趋势。可见随着基因型多样性的增加,海三棱藨草种群将更多的能量分配给无性繁殖。据此预测,基因型多样性高的海三棱藨草种群在维持种子库规模以进行长距离扩散的同时,可形成更高大且密集的种群斑块,具备更强的原地拓殖能力,继而影响盐沼生态系统过程。本研究结果强调了植物基因型多样性在种群动态中的重要作用,尤其在盐沼湿地等以单优势物种为主的生态系统中,对生态系统的稳定性具有重要作用。Aim:Biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem functioning,while intraspecific genotypic diversity constitutes a vital component of biodiversity,and its effects at the population level remain unclear.To bridge that gap,we conducted an experiment examining the effects of genotypic diversity on vegetative growth and reproductive strategies.Methods:This study manipulated the genotypic diversity of an endemic coastal wetland species,Scirpus mariqueter,in China(1,2,4,and 8 genotypic diversity),and examined the influence of genotypic diversity on the population’s vegetative growth,asexual reproduction,and sexual reproduction.Results:Genotypic diversity significantly influenced the productivity of S.mariqueter populations by increasing total biomass and average plant height.Genotypic diversity influenced asexual reproduction,in which corm number,corm biomass,and number of ramets were significantly increased.However,it did not have a significant effect on sexual reproduction.Overall,S.mariqueter populations with high genotypic diversity altered their reproductive strategy to allocate more energy to asexual reproduction.This change would provide S.mariqueter a greater ability for local colonization,which in turn would affect saltmarsh ecosystem processes.Conclusions:Genotypic diversity has a significant effect on vegetative growth and reproductive strategies of this wetland plant.These findings highlight the significant role of plant intraspecific genotypic diversity in ecosystem functioning,especially in the population dynamics and sustainability of saltmarsh ecosystems which are often characterized by a single dominant plant species.

关 键 词：基因型多样性 有性繁殖 无性繁殖 加和效应 盐沼 土壤生物 生物量 生物多样性与生态系统功能 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]