家庭结构变迁背景下中国老年人居住模式偏好研究  

A Studyon the Living Pattern Preference of the Elderly in China Under the Background of Family Structure Change

作　　者：宋全成[1] 王宏治 SONG Quan-cheng;WANG Hong-zhi(School of Philosophy and Social Development,Shandong University,Jinan,Shandong 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学哲学与社会发展学院,济南250100 [2]山东大学移民研究所,济南250100

出　　处：《山西师大学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期50-61,共12页Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目(13JJD730002)。

摘　　要：在人口老龄化快速演进和家庭规模逐渐小型化的双重背景之下,研究老年人的居住模式偏好对洞悉未来老年居住需求、完善社会养老服务体系、增强老龄群体福利具有重要意义。2020年的全国人口普查数据显示,传统家庭模式正在逐渐衰落,一代户家庭取代二代户家庭成为家庭户规模的主流,老年单人家庭和老年夫妇家庭数量及比例不断攀升。本文基于2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查数据分析老年人居住模式偏好的影响因素,并构建二元logit回归模型,综合分析个体特征因素、居住环境因素、家庭支持因素和社会养老服务因素对老年人居住模式偏好的影响。研究发现,代际合居仍然是老年人主流居住意愿模式,但低龄老年群体、非农业户口老年群体、东部地区老年群体和有配偶老年群体更倾向于选择代际独居。年龄、受教育年限、婚姻状态、生理健康、住房来源属性、住房类型、住房条件、家庭经济收入、男孩数量、子女照料时长、子女经济支持、社区养老服务、退休制度均对老年群体的居住模式偏好产生显著影响。据此提出政策建议:加快布局老年人住房服务体系建设,满足未来老年人多元化居住需求;精准帮扶居住环境劣势老年群体,提升未来选择不同居住模式的信心;继续健全养老金制度及社会退休保障制度,激发老年人选择不同居住模式的活力。Against the background of the rapid evolution of population ageing and the gradual downsizing of family size,it is of great significance to study the living pattern preference of the elderly for understanding the future living needs of the elderly,improving the social service system for the elderly and enhancing the welfare of the eld-erly.Data from the 2020 national census show that the traditional family model is gradually declining,with one-generation families replacing the second-generation families as the mainstream of family size,the number and pro-portion of elderly single-person families and elderly couple families are increasing.Based on the data from the 2018 China elderly health impact factors survey,this paper analyzed the impact factors of the elderly's preference for liv-ing patterns,and constructed a binary logit regression model.The effects of individual characteristics,living envi-ronment,family support and social service on the living mode preference of the elderly were analyzed.The study found that inter-generational living is still the mainstream mode of the elderly living will,but Younger,Hukou sys-tem,eastern and spousal elderly are more likely to choose intergenerational solitude.Age,years of education,ma-rital status,physical health,housing source attributes,housing types,housing conditions,family economic in-come,number of boys,child care time,child economic support,Community Pension Service,retirement system all have significant effects on the living pattern preference of the elderly.Accordingly,it puts forward corresponding policy suggestions:speeding up the construction of housing service system for the elderly to meet the diversified housing needs of the elderly in the future and continuing to improve the pension system and the social retirement se-curity system to stimulate the vitality of the elderly to choose different living patterns.

关 键 词：家庭结构 老年人 居住模式 代际独居 代际合居 

分 类 号：D669.6[政治法律—政治学]