东北地区湿地水鸟生态廊道的识别研究  

Identification of ecological corridors for waterbirds in wetlands in Northeast China

作　　者：张萍[1] 全佑铭 胡越然 许青[2] 刘得辉 田少艺 陈念 ZHANG Ping;QUAN Youming;HU Yueran;XU Qing;LIU Dehui;TIAN Shaoyi;CHEN Nian(College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology,Jilin University,Changchun 130061,China;College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学地球探测科学与技术学院,长春130061 [2]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《生态科学》2024年第2期30-41,共12页Ecological Science

基　　金：吉林省自然基金自由探索项目(YDZJ202101ZYTS114);吉林省教育厅科学研究项目(JJKH20211051KJ)。

摘　　要：生态廊道作为应对气候变化的生物多样性保护模式,目前已成为国际生态领域研究的热点之一。但是有关水鸟的生态廊道研究相对很少。以构建湿地水鸟的生态廊道为研究目的,东北地区为研究区,丹顶鹤、灰鹤、大天鹅和中华秋沙鸭四种湿地水鸟为研究对象,采用最小阻力模型和电流理论相结合的混合模型方法,构建四种湿地水鸟的生态廊道。基于最小阻力模型的水鸟生态廊道结果表明:四种水鸟生态廊道的最低成本路线都是将各邻近核心生境斑块连接起来的路线,但是它们的数量、分布和最大宽度有所不同。基于电流理论的水鸟生态廊道结果表明:四种水鸟生态廊道的电流密度、夹点区域数目有所不同。研究采用四种水鸟的实际观测数据来进行生态廊道模拟结果验证。验证结果发现:大部分的水鸟出现点距水鸟最低成本路线不远,说明部分基于最小阻力模型生成的最低成本路线是最有可能成为水鸟生态廊道的地方。大部分的水鸟出现点与水鸟的夹点区域重合,说明基于电流理论生成的夹点区域是最有可能成为水鸟生态廊道的地方。研究采用的方法和结果是对区域尺度水鸟生态廊道构建的一种尝试,对其他国家区域尺度上的多物种水鸟生态廊道的构建具有一定的借鉴和参考价值。Ecological corridor,as a biodiversity conservation model in response to climate change,has become one of the hotspots of international ecological research.But so far,relatively little research has been done on ecological corridors for waterbirds.In order to construct ecological corridors for wetland waterbirds,the Northeast China has been selected as the research area,four kinds of wetland waterbirds(Grus japonensis,Grus grus,Cygnus Cygnus,Mergus squamatus)were chosen as the research objects.The hybrid model method combining the least resistance model and the current theory was applied to construct the ecological corridors for these four kinds of wetland waterbirds.The results of waterbird ecological corridors based on the least resistance model showed that the least cost routes of the four waterbird ecological corridors were all the routes that connect adjacent core habitat patches,but their number,distribution and maximum width were different.The results of the waterbird ecological corridors based on the current theory showed that the current density and the number of pinch points were different.The actual observation data of four species of waterbirds were used to validate the results of ecological corridor simulation.The validation results showed that most of the waterfowl occurrence points were not far from the least cost route of waterfowl,indicating that the least cost route partly generated based on the least resistance model was the most likely place to become the ecological corridor of waterfowl.Most of the waterfowl occurrence points coincided with the pinch areas of waterfowl,indicating that the pinch areas generated based on the current theory were the most likely places to become the waterfowl ecological corridors.The methods and results adopted in this study are an attempt to construct the waterbird ecological corridors at regional scale,which can be used as a reference for the construction of multi-species waterbird ecological corridors in other countries.

关 键 词：生态廊道 湿地水鸟 最小阻力模型 电流理论 东北地区 

分 类 号：Q148[生物学—生态学]