基于mtDNA Cytb基因序列的新疆两个地方黄牛品种遗传多样性和系统发育研究  

Study on genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of two local yellow cattle breeds in Xinjiang base on mtDNA Cytb gene sequence

作　　者：王盼盼 巴合提·博代 博拉提汗·马哈托夫 曾伟欣 吾热力哈孜·哈孜汗 WANG Panpan;BAKHET·Bodai;BOLATIKHAN·Mahtov;ZENG Weixin;ORALHAZI·Hazikhan(College of Animal Science and Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China;Kazakh Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Kazakhstan,Almaty 050057,Kazakhstan)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]哈萨克斯坦哈萨克农业科学院,阿拉木图050057

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2024年第12期35-40,122,共7页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委地区基金项目(31960709)。

摘　　要：为了探讨新疆地方黄牛品种的遗传多样性和母系起源,试验以新疆2个地方黄牛品种(哈萨克牛72头和阿勒泰白头牛34头)为研究对象,利用PCR技术扩增其线粒体DNA(mtDNA)细胞色素b(Cytb)基因序列并进行多态位点、单倍型、核苷酸多样度(Pi)、单倍型多样度(Hd)及平均核苷酸差异(K)和中性检验分析,并与我国部分黄牛品种的mtDNA Cytb基因序列进行综合分析以探讨二者的母系起源。结果表明:哈萨克牛和阿勒泰白头牛Cytb基因序列全长为463 bp, A、T、C三种碱基含量均为32.3%、27.0%、 26.2%,G碱基含量分别为14.5%和14.6%;A+T含量均为59.3%,G+C含量分别为40.7%和40.8%,A+T含量高于G+C含量;共检测到19个多态位点,包含12个转换、4个颠换和3个颠换/转换,其中单一多态位点10个,简约信息位点9个,导致6个氨基酸发生错义突变;19个多态位点共定义了24种单倍型(即Hap-1~24),总单倍型多样度为0.701±0.046,总核苷酸多样度为0.003 45±0.000 46,平均核苷酸差异为1.598;72头哈萨克牛Cytb基因序列的单倍型多样度为0.674±0.059,核苷酸多样度为0.003 28±0.000 53,且中性检验结果不显著(0.050.10);哈萨克牛和阿勒泰白头牛的优势单倍型均为Hap-1、Hap-6、Hap-3,起源于德国普通牛和瘤牛两大混合母系,以德国普通牛血统为主。说明哈萨克牛和阿勒泰白头牛的遗传多样性较匮乏,且有两个共同的母系祖先。In order to explore the genetic diversity and maternal origin of local cattle breeds in Xinjiang,two local yellow cattle breeds(72 Kazakh cattle and 34 Altai whitehead cattle)in Xinjiang were used as research objects,the mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)cytochrome b(Cytb)gene sequence was amplified by PCR and analyzed by polymorphism sites,haplotype,nucleotide diversity(Pi),haplotype diversity(Hd),mean nucleotide difference(K)and neutral test.At the same time,the results were comprehensively analyzed with the mtDNA Cytb gene sequences of some cattle breeds in China to explore the maternal origin of Kazakh cattle and Altay whitehead cattle.The results showed that the total length of Cytb gene sequence of Kazakh cattle and Altai whitehead cattle was 463 bp,and the content of A,T and C bases was 32.3%,27.0%and 26.2%,respectively,and the content of G were 14.5%and 14.6%,respectively.The content of A+T was 59.3%,and that of G+C was 40.7%and 40.8%,respectively.The content of A+T was higher than that of G+C.A total of 19 polymorphism sites were detected,including 12 transitions,4 translocations and 3 translocations/transitions,among which were 10 single polymorphic sites and 9 reduced information sites,resulting in missense mutations in 6 amino acids.The 19 polymorphism sites defined 24 haplotypes(HAP-1-24);total haplotype diversity was 0.701±0.046;total nucleotide diversity was 0.00345±0.00046,and mean nucleotide difference was 1.598.The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of Cytb gene sequences in 72 Kazakh cattle were 0.674±0.059 and 0.00328±0.00053,respectively,and neutral test were not significant(0.05<P<0.10);the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of Cytb gene sequences in 34 Altay white head cattle were 0.743±0.067 and 0.00370±0.00082,respectively,and the neutral test were not significant(P>0.10).The dominant haplotypes of Kazak cattle and Altay white-headed cattle were HAP-1,HAP-6 and HAP-3,which originat from two mixed maternal lines of German common cattle and Zebu cattle,and were dominated by

关 键 词：新疆黄牛 哈萨克牛 阿勒泰白头牛 线粒体DNA(mtDNA) 细胞色素b(Cytb)基因 遗传多样性 系统发育 

分 类 号：S823.81[农业科学—畜牧学]