不同基因型大豆与玉米间作对土壤磷组分与作物磷吸收的影响  

Effects of different genotypes soybean and maize intercropping on soil phosphorus fractions and crop phosphorus uptake

作　　者：祝晓慧 谭婧琳 周慧颖 王天琪 张兵兵 陆星 田纪辉 梁翠月 田江[1] ZHU Xiaohui;TAN Jinglin;ZHOU Huiying;WANG Tianqi;ZHANG Bingbing;LU Xing;TIAN Jihui;LIANG Cuiyue;TIAN Jiang(College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广州510642 [2]农业农村部华南热带农业环境重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2024年第6期1583-1589,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金项目(2022A1515011034)资助。

摘　　要：合理的大豆-玉米间作模式可有效促进土壤磷周转与作物磷吸收,减少磷肥投入。为优化大豆与玉米间作系统对磷素的利用效率,本研究选用两种不同基因型大豆与玉米间作,探究其影响土壤磷组分及作物磷吸收的关键根际过程及机制。结果表明:间作显著消耗了大豆‘粤春03-3’根际可溶性无机磷(CaCl_(2)-P),而对大豆‘Essex’根际磷组分无显著影响。间作显著增加了大豆‘粤春03-3’的生物量和磷吸收量,比单作分别显著增加42.2%和46.9%,而对大豆‘Essex’和玉米磷吸收量和生物量无显著影响。间作显著增加了‘粤春03-3’总根长和根系分泌物总量,比单作分别增加了19.7%和138.1%,且粤春‘03-3’磷吸收量与总根长呈显著正相关,与可溶性无机磷含量呈显著负相关。综上,大豆-玉米间作对土壤磷组分与作物磷吸收的影响存在基因型差异,间作通过增加磷高效大豆根长与根系分泌物等促进磷吸收及根际土壤磷周转,从而提高其磷利用效率。本研究明确了大豆-玉米间作体系磷素利用的基因型差异及潜在机制,为优化大豆-玉米间作体系品种搭配、实现磷素高效利用与化肥减施增效提供了科学依据。Reasonable soybean-maize intercropping mode can effectively promote soil phosphorus turnover and crop phosphorus absorption,and reduce phosphorus fertilizer input.To optimize phosphorus(P)-use efficiency in soybean/maize intercropping system,we intercropped two genotypes of soybean with maize to investigate the rhizosphere processes and mechanisms underlying soil biological P fractions and crop P uptake.The results showed that intercropping significantly depleted the rhizosphere soluble inorganic P(CaCl_(2)-P)content in soybean genotype Yuechun 03-3,without impact on the P fractions in the rhizosphere of soybean Essex.Similarly,intercropping significantly increased biomass and P uptake of soybean genotype Yuechun 03-3 by 42.2% and 46.9%,respectively,compared to monoculture.However,it did not affect P uptake and biomass of soybean Essex and maize.Intercropping significantly increased both the total root length and the quantity of root exudates in Yuechun 03-3 by 19.7% and 138.1%,respectively.There was a significant positive correlation between P uptake and total root length in Yuechun 03-3,while a significant negative correlation between soluble inorganic P content and P uptake.In summary,intercropping of soybean and maize exhibited noticeable genotype differences in its impact on soil P fractions and crop P uptake.Intercropping has the potential to improve soybean P uptake and rhizosphere P turnover,mainly by increasing root length and root exudates of P-efficient genotype.The study would provide scientific evidence for optimizing the pairing of soybean and maize varieties in intercropping systems,thereby enhancing phosphorus utilization efficiency and reducing fertilizer inputs.

关 键 词：间作 大豆基因型 土壤磷组分 磷酸酶 磷利用效率 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学] S513S153