白浆土肥沃耕层构建效应Ⅰ.不同有机物料深混对白浆土有机质在表层土壤中再分布的影响  

Construction effect of fertile cultivated layer in albic soil Ⅰ.Effects of inversion tillage with organic materials on the redistribution of organic matter in surface layer of albic soil

作　　者：高瑞敏 严君[1,2] 韩晓增 陈旭[1,2] 邹文秀[1,2] 陆欣春 朴永杰[3] 蒋锐 GAO Ruimin;YAN Jun;HAN Xiaozeng;CHEN Xu;ZOU Wenxiu;LU Xinchun;PIAO Yongjie;JIANG Rui(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150081,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Beidahuang Group 852 Company,Shuangyashan 155100,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,哈尔滨150081 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]北大荒集团八五二分公司农业技术推广中心,黑龙江双鸭山155100

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2024年第6期1590-1598,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500802);黑龙江省“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关项目(2021ZXJ05B03);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A类(XDA28070000)资助

摘　　要：土壤有机质是表征土壤质量的重要指标,白浆土作为具有典型障碍层的土壤,其低有机质含量易对作物生长发育产生不良影响,明确不同有机物料深混对白浆土表层土壤有机质再分布的影响,可为东北农田白浆土构建适宜的耕层提供理论和技术参考。本研究在黑龙江省双鸭山市白浆土上进行了为期2年的定位试验,设置5种处理:深翻35 cm(T_(35))、秸秆深混35 cm(T_(35)+S)、有机肥深混35 cm(T_(35)+M)、秸秆搭配有机肥深混35 cm(T_(35)+S+M),以农民常规措施(浅翻15 cm,CK)为对照。结果表明:有机物料深混35 cm还田处理(T_(35)+S、T_(35)+M和T_(35)+S+M)可显著提升玉米产量,其中以T_(35)+S+M处理对玉米产量的提升效果最显著,2年平均增产2934.76 kg·hm^(-2)。与CK相比,T_(35)处理耕层(0~15 cm)土壤有机质含量降低8.4%,而亚耕层(15~35 cm)土壤有机质含量增加7.6%,亚耕层土壤有机质丰富度指数增加17.5%。在深翻基础上有机物料还田可显著提升全耕层(0~35 cm)土壤有机质含量,全耕层土壤有机质转化率为16.3%~31.0%。与T_(35)处理相比,T_(35)+S处理耕层和亚耕层土壤有机质含量无显著增加,T_(35)+M和T_(35)+S+M处理耕层土壤有机质含量分别显著增加4.6%和6.9%,亚耕层土壤有机质含量分别显著增加11.2%和15.4%,亚耕层土壤有机质丰富度指数分别增加2.5%和5.1%。相关性分析表明,全耕层土壤有机质含量与玉米产量呈显著正相关,贡献率达17.5%。综上,有机肥或有机肥配合秸秆深混还田是培肥白浆土的有效措施,且主要是通过提升全耕层(0~35 cm)与亚耕层(15~35 cm)土壤有机质含量实现。Soil organic matter serves as a crucial indicator for soil quality.Albic soil,characterized by a barrier layer,exhibits limitations in organic matter content,which can adversely affect crop growth and development.To elucidate the impact of deep mixing of various organic materials on the redistribution of organic matter in the surface soil of albic soil could provide theoretical and technical insights for establishing suitable plough layers for albic soil in Northeast China.We conducted a two-year positioning experiment in Shuangyashan,Heilongjiang Province with five treatments,conventional shallow tillage(0-15 cm,CK),inversion tillage(0-35 cm)without or with straw return(T_(35)and T_(35)+S),inversion tillage with cattle manure(T_(35)+M)and cattle manure plus maize straw(T_(35)+S+M).The results showed that soil fertilization via deep mixing of organic materials to a depth of 35 cm significantly increased maize yield in albic soil,with the T_(35)+S+M treatment demonstrating the most pronounced effect,yielding an average production of 2934.76 kg·hm~(-2).Compared to CK,the T_(35)treatment resulted in a significant 8.4% decrease in organic matter content in the tillage layer,a significant 7.6% increase in organic matter in the sub-tillage layer,and a relative richness degree of soil organic matter in the sub-tillage layer increased by 17.5%.Deep mixed return of organic materials following deep ploughing markedly increased organic matter content of the plough layer,with organic matter conversion ranging from 16.3% to 31.0%.In comparison to the T_(35)treatment,there was no significant increase in soil organic matter content in the T_(35)+S tillage layer and sub-tillage layer.Conversely,soil organic matter content increased by 4.6% and 6.9% in the T_(35)+M and T_(35)+S+M treatments,with corresponding increase of 11.2% and 15.4% in sub-tillage layer,respectively.Additionally,the soil organic matter richness index in sub-tillage layer increased by 2.5% and 5.1%,respectively.There was a significant positive correlation bet

关 键 词：白浆土 深混 有机物料还田 土壤有机质 玉米产量 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]