“知其不可为而为之”:张治中与北平国共和平谈判  

"To Attempt the Impossible":Zhang Zhizhong and Peace Negotiations Between the Kuomintang and the CPC in Beiping

作　　者：张皓[1] Zhang Hao

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学--中国人民抗日战争纪念馆国家革命文物协同研究中心,北京100875

出　　处：《苏区研究》2024年第3期5-53,共49页

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重点项目“1949年北平国共和谈文献资料整理与研究”(22LSA024)。

摘　　要：1949年北平国共和平谈判的举行,同南京政府首席谈判代表张治中有密切关系。随着国民党军的战败和国民党统治的崩溃,张治中设法通过政治途径挽救,多次要求蒋介石进行和谈。眼见蒋介石成为和谈的障碍,张治中支持桂系逼蒋下野。为顺利进行和谈,张治中要求组成和平内阁和中共能够接受的和谈代表团。在中共同意进行和平谈判后,张治中努力协调国民党各方尤其是蒋介石的关系,拟定和谈腹稿。在谈判过程中,张治中要求中共在惩办战争罪犯问题上让步,并竭力想保留国民党军队,组成国共两党的联合政府,实现“划江而治”。中共在不违背根本原则前提下,尽可能接受了张治中的一些要求。认识到中国历史已发生巨大变化,国民党已被历史抛弃,张治中决定留下参加新中国的建设。The holding of peace negotiations between the Kuomintang and the CPC in Beiping in 1949 had a close relationship with Zhang Zhizhong,the chief negotiator of the Nanjing government.With the defeat of the Kuomintang army and the collapse of Kuomintang rule,Zhang Zhizhong managed to salvage the situation through political means and repeatedly requested Chiang Kai-shek to hold peace negotiations.Seeing Chiang Kai-shek become an obstacle to peace negotiations,Zhang Zhizhong supported the Guangxi clique in forcing him to step down.In order to facilitate peace negotiations,Zhang Zhizhong requested to form a peace cabinet and a peace negotiation delegation acceptable to the CPC.After the CPC agreed to engage in peace negotiations,Zhang Zhizhong made efforts to coordinate the relationship between all parties of the Kuomintang,especially Chiang Kai-shek,and drafted a draft for the peace negotiations.During the negotiations process,Zhang Zhizhong expected that the CPC make concessions on the issue of punishing war criminals,and made efforts to retain the Kuomintang army and form a coalition government between the Kuomintang and the CPC,achieving the goal of"using the Yangtze River as a dividing line and implementing separate governance measures".The CPC accepted some of Zhang Zhizhong's demands as much as possible without violating fundamental principles.Realizing that Chinese has undergone tremendous changes and the Kuomintang has been abandoned in history,Zhang Zhizhong decided to stay and participate in the construction of New China.

关 键 词：张治中 北平国共和平谈判 八项原则 和谈腹稿 

分 类 号：D693[政治法律—政治学] D231[政治法律—中外政治制度] K266[历史地理—历史学]