钒基储氢合金的特点和应用前景  

CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATION PROSPECTS OF VANADIUM-BASED HYDROGEN STORAGE

作　　者：徐睿 程涛 杨雪 荣峻峰 Xu Rui;Cheng Tao;Yang Xue;Rong Junfeng(SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]中石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司,北京100083

出　　处：《石油炼制与化工》2024年第7期163-169,共7页Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3803705)。

摘　　要：钒基储氢合金具有储氢密度高、储放氢反应条件温和、储氢动力学性能优越、抗粉化性能好等优点,是一种优良的储氢材料。但是钒基储氢合金存在放氢平台压低、可逆储氢量低、储放氢滞后现象明显、循环稳定性差、原料价格高、金属成本高等缺点,制约着钒基储氢合金进一步推广应用。迄今为止,研究者们从元素组成和晶相结构等多种途径对其进行改性,以优化钒基储氢材料性能。基于此,以降低氢化物的放氢平台压和提高材料可逆储氢量为出发点,简述了掺杂Ti,Cr,Mn,Zr等化学元素和对于储氢合金进行特定条件优化改善的研究进展,着重阐述了元素置换、材料热处理和合金活化预处理对钒基储氢合金储氢性能的影响,展望了钒基储氢合金未来发展前景。Vanadium-based alloy is a good hydrogen storage material because of its high hydrogen storage capacity,mild hydrogenstorage and desorptionreaction conditions,excellent reaction kinetics properties of hydrogen storageand good anti-pulverization properties.However,vanadium-based hydrogen storagealloys have some disadvantages,such aslow hydrogen storage platform,low reversible hydrogen storage capacity,obvious hysteresis,poor cycle stability,high cost of raw materials and high metal cost,it restricts the further application of vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloys.So far,researchers have modified the vanadium-based hydrogen storage materials by many ways,such as elemental composition and crystalline phase structure,to optimize the performance of vanadium-based hydrogen storage materials.Based on this,the research progress of doping Ti,Cr,Mn,Zr and other chemical elementand the optimization of particular conditions for hydrogen storage alloys were briefly reviewed in order to reduce the platform pressure ofhydrogenation and increase the reversible hydrogen storage capacity of materials.The effects of element replacement,material heat treatment,and alloy activation pretreatmenton hydrogen storage properties of vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloys were emphasized.The future development prospect of vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloyswas prospected.

关 键 词：储氢 钒基合金 掺杂金属元素 热处理 表面处理 

分 类 号：TG139.7[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]