生物特征及物种组合对重金属污染修复的影响  

Impacts of Biological Characteristics and Species Combinations of Organisms on the Remediation of Heavy Metal Pollution

作　　者：任文 李嗣艺 李中阳[1] 孙玖明 王广帅[1,2] 刘源 REN Wen;LI Siyi;LI Zhongyang;SUN Jiuming;WANG Guangshuai;LIU Yuan(Institute of Farmland Irrigation of CAAS,Xinxiang 453002,China;Shangqiu Station of National Field Agro-ecosystem Experimental Network,National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment,National Long-term Experimental Station for Agricultural Green Development,Shangqiu 476000,China;College of Agriculture,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002 [2]河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,国家农业环境商丘观测实验站,国家农业绿色发展长期固定观测商丘试验站,河南商丘476000 [3]河南大学农学院,河南开封475004

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2024年第S01期59-69,共11页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700900);中国农业科学院农科英才特殊支持计划(NKYCQN-2021-028);中国农业科学院科技创新工程;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(IFI2024-24)。

摘　　要：生物修复具有成本低廉、不易产生二次污染及便于回收的特点,常被用于重金属污染程度较低区域的修复工作中。文章总结了各类植物应对重金属胁迫的特殊机制,介绍了植物生物特征对修复效果的影响,然后阐述了重金属在食物链中的传递特性及其对动物活动习性的影响,分析了可用于重金属修复的动物种类及其对构建平衡网络结构的意义,最后还汇总了微生物对重金属污染的适应机制及应对策略。在上述内容的基础上,总结了植物组合、植物与动物组合及植物与微生物组合中,物种间作用关系对重金属修复的影响。该综述表明了合理搭配物种可以扩大物种适用区间,增强物种抗胁迫能力,同时提升重金属修复效率,但如何有效协调不同物种间作用关系及充分发挥各物种特征是生物组合修复的重要研究方向。Given bioremediation is of low cost,not easy to produce secondary pollution,and easy to recover,it is often used in remediation in areas slightly polluted with heavy metal.The article summarizes the special mechanisms of various plants to cope with heavy metal stress.It not only focuses on the impact of plant characteristics on the remediation effect,elaborates on heavy metal transmission characteristics in food chains and their impacts on animal behaviours,analyses the types of animals that can be used for heavy metal remediation and their significance in building a balanced network,but also summarized the adaptation mechanisms and response strategies of microorganisms to heavy metal pollution.Based on the above content,the impact of species interactions in plant combinations,plant-animal combinations,and plant-microbial combinations on heavy metal remediation was innovatively summarized.This review indicates that a reasonable species combination can expand the species’applicable range,enhance their resistance to stress,and improve heavy metal remediation efficiency.However,how to effectively coordinate the interaction among different species and fully utilize the characteristics of each species is an important research direction for bioremediation with different organism combinations.

关 键 词：生物特性 重金属修复 生物组合 种间作用关系 生物修复 生物多样性 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]