杞麓湖表层沉积物微塑料污染特征  

Pollution Characteristics of Microplastics in Surface Sediments from Lake Qilu

作　　者：段立曾 张虎才 李东林 许惟栋 李华玉 许婧 徐天宝 邓春暖[2] DUAN Lizeng;ZHANG Hucai;LI Donglin;XU Weidong;LI Huayu;XU Jing;XU Tianbao;DENG Chunnuan(Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes,School of Ecology and Environmental Science,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China;Faculty of Geography,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学生态与环境学院高原湖泊生态与治理研究院,云南昆明650500 [2]云南师范大学地理学部,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2024年第S01期140-149,共10页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：云南省基础研究计划项目(202101AT070049);云南省科技厅科技计划项目(202305AM070001);国家自然科学基金项目(U2202207);国家自然科学基金项目(21866033)

摘　　要：为探究杞麓湖微塑料(MPs)的污染特征及潜在来源机制,作者采用浮选法分离出36个位点表层沉积物中的MPs,通过显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM-EDS)观察MPs的表面结构、形态特征、微观结构及附着元素等,结合沉积物总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、有机质(OM)、碳酸盐和粒度等理化指标,探讨了MPs的分布特征、影响因素和潜在来源机制。结果表明:杞麓湖表层沉积物中MPs的检出率高达100%,其丰度范围介于50~680个/kg之间,平均丰度157.66个/kg。物理构成特征以粒径<1 mm(65.09%),纤维状(96.85%),透明(51.01%)和蓝色(38.7%)的MPs为优势组分。在人类活动、入湖河分布及常年盛行风等因素的综合作用下,MPs丰度呈现南部、东北部湖区最高,湖心和西部湖区相对较低的空间分布格局。相关分析表明,MPs丰度和组合特征均与沉积物理化因子之间无显著相关性,流域土地利用类型、人类活动和径流输入是MPs污染状况及空间分布的主导因素。依据物理组合特征,推测其来源为日常使用塑料制品(衣物洗涤、渔具使用)和周边农用地膜的分解等。整体而言,杞麓湖面临着水体富营养化、重金属污染等传统环境问题和MPs等新型污染物质并存的多重环境压力,亟需更多的关注。In order to insight the pollution status and potential source of microplastics(MPs)in Lake Qilu,36 sites of the surface sediments samples were separated and purified by flotation method.The surface structure and morphological characteristics of MPs were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Stereo Microscope,and then classified and counted.The distribution characteristics,influencing factors and potential import mechanism of MPs were discussed based on the physical and chemical indexes of sediments such as total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),organic matter(OM),carbonate and grain size of sediments from the Lake Qilu.The results showed that:The detection rate of MPs in the surface sediments of Qilu Lake is as high as 100%,and their abundance ranges from 50 to 680 n/kg,with an average abundance of 157.66 n/kg.Physical composition characteristics of MPs with particle size<1 mm(65.09%),fibrous(96.85%),transparent(51.01%)and blue(38.7%)are the dominant components.Under the comprehensive effect of human activities,river distribution and prevailing wind,the abundance of MPs showed the highest spatial distribution pattern in the southern and northeast lake area,and relatively low in the central and western lake area.Correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between MPs characteristics and sediment physicochemical factors,which further indicated that land use type,human activities and runoff input were the dominant factors in the spatial distribution of MPs pollution.According to the physical combination characteristics of MPs,it is speculated that the source is the daily use of plastic products(clothing washing,fishing gear use)and the decomposition of surrounding agricultural mulch.Under the background of increasingly intense human activities,Lake Qilu is facing multiple environmental pressures and ecological risks caused by lake eutrophication,traditional pollutants such as heavy metals,and new pollutants such as MPs,which require more research and attention.

关 键 词：湖泊沉积物 组合特征 丰度及分布 微塑料 杞麓湖 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]