GNSS卫星轨道机动探测技术进展  

Technique advancements in GNSS satellite orbit maneuver detection

作　　者：黄观文[1,2] 王媛媛 龙正鑫 秦志伟 张勤 HUANG Guanwen;WANG Yuanyuan;LONG Zhengxin;QIN Zhiwei;ZHANG Qin(College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Chang’an University,Xi'an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Geology and Disaster Prevention,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xi'an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,西安710054 [2]自然资源部生态地质与灾害防控重点实验室,西安710054

出　　处：《导航定位学报》2024年第2期1-12,共12页Journal of Navigation and Positioning

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42374025);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(300102260707,300102263401)。

摘　　要：针对轨道机动探测是各种空间任务的共性关键技术,是全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)精密定轨定位数据处理的首要工作,在卫星导航领域具有重要的研究意义,尤其是中国多星座构型的北斗卫星导航系统,轨道机动频繁,影响更为严重的现状,研究分析全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)卫星轨道机动探测技术的进展:概述轨道机动的概念、机动方式和机动时间;归纳整理目前GNSS卫星轨道机动探测中常用的技术方法,包括基于卫星轨道的探测方法、基于卫星广播星历的探测方法以及基于观测值的探测方法;总结各类卫星轨道机动探测方法的特点,并统计分析GNSS卫星的轨道机动频次与时段,指出随着GNSS卫星轨道机动探测方法的不断完善,实时及事后卫星轨道机动探测问题都得到了显著改善,促进了GNSS服务性能的进一步提升;最后,总结现有轨道机动探测方法的优势与局限性,展望GNSS轨道机动卫星数据处理中尚须进一步解决的重要问题。In view of the fact that GNSS orbit maneuver detection technology is a common key technology for various space missions,and is an essential task for precision orbit positioning data processing of global navigation satellite system(GNSS),it has important research significance in the field of satellite navigation,especially for China's multi-constellation BeiDou navigation satellite system,which has frequent orbital maneuvering and more serious impacts,the paper studied and analyzed the technique advancements in GNSS satellite orbit maneuver detection:the concept of orbit maneuver,maneuver types and maneuver time were introduced;and the commonly used techniques in GNSS satellite orbit maneuver detection,including detection methods based on satellite orbits,broadcast ephemeris and observations were concluded;then,the characteristics of various satellite orbit maneuver detection methods were summed up,and the frequency and time periods of GNSS satellite orbit maneuvers were statistically analyzed,meanwhile,it was pointed out that with the continuous improvement of GNSS satellite orbit maneuver detection methods,both real-time and post-maneuver detection problems have been significantly improved,promoting further enhancement of GNSS service performance;finally,the advantages and limitations of existing orbit maneuver detection methods were summarized,and the unresolved issues in GNSS satellite data processing related to orbit maneuver were discussed.

关 键 词：全球卫星导航系统(GNSS) 轨道机动探测 轨道互差 广播星历 伪距/载波相位 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]