国际减贫合作中的贫困类型识别——以“一带一路”国家为例  

Poverty Classification and Identification in International Poverty-Reduction Cooperation:A Case Study of“Belt and Road Initiative”Countries

作　　者：徐秀丽[1] 赵捷 孙进 XU Xiuli;ZHAO Jie;SUN Jin

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院,北京100193

出　　处：《国际展望》2024年第4期57-78,167,共23页Global Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国与‘一带一路’国家有效分享减贫经验的模式与策略研究”(21&ZD180);国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目:“‘一带一路’背景下研究中国和中亚农业合作的方式路径和策略”(71961147001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：识别“一带一路”国家的贫困类型,推动精准减贫合作,是中国减贫经验有效分享的重点和难点。借助可持续生计框架构建“一带一路”国家贫困类型识别指标体系,有利于推动国际减贫合作。研究发现,在贫困程度方面,“一带一路”国家和区域之间的贫困状况呈现较大差异,高贫困度国家主要集中在非洲,中等贫困度国家较为均衡地分布在亚洲、非洲及拉丁美洲,而少数低贫困度国家则分布在欧亚地区。在贫困的成因方面,高贫困度国家的贫困往往是人力资本缺乏、社会治理不足、资源制约、联通落后和金融发展滞后等多种因素复合、叠加导致的后果,而中等和低贫困度国家也往往受到以上单一或双重因素的影响,导致国家陷入贫困。对贫困类型的识别有利于在国际减贫合作中的区域国别瞄准、方式选择和多主体参与等方面为国家提供政策参考,从而推动“一带一路”建设的分类施策和精准施策。Identifying the poverty characteristics of the“Belt and Road Initiative”(BRI)countries and promoting cooperation in poverty reduction through classifications is a key task in effectively sharing China’s experience in poverty reduction.This paper adopts the sustainable livelihood framework to construct an indicator system for identifying the poverty types of the BRI countries.The results indicate that there are large disparities in poverty levels among the BRI countries.High-poverty countries are concentrated in Africa,medium-poverty countries are more evenly distributed in Asia,Africa,and Latin America,and low-poverty countries are found in a few Eurasian countries.In terms of the types of causes of poverty,high-poverty countries are often the result of a combination of multiple compounding factors.Medium-and-low-poverty countries,on the other hand,tend to have single or dual attributes of the five different types of causes:lack of human capital,lack of social governance,resource constraints,under-connectivity,and lagging financial development.This study provides policy recommendations for regional targeting,modality choices,and multi-actor participation paths in international poverty-reduction cooperation,thus contributing to the categorization implementation of policies in the construction of the high-quality“Belt and Road.”

关 键 词：“一带一路” 全球贫困治理 贫困类型 国际发展合作 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]